我写了这个“C”函数，因为NSTask很讨厌。

NSString * runCommand(NSString* c) {

    NSString* outP; FILE *read_fp;  char buffer[BUFSIZ + 1];
    int chars_read; memset(buffer, '\0', sizeof(buffer));
    read_fp = popen(c.UTF8String, "r");
    if (read_fp != NULL) {
        chars_read = fread(buffer, sizeof(char), BUFSIZ, read_fp);
        if (chars_read > 0) outP = $UTF8(buffer);
        pclose(read_fp);
    }   
    return outP;
}

NSLog(@"%@", runCommand(@"ls -la /")); 

total 16751
drwxrwxr-x+ 60 root        wheel     2108 May 24 15:19 .
drwxrwxr-x+ 60 root        wheel     2108 May 24 15:19 ..
…

哦，为了完整/明确起见……

#define $UTF8(A) ((NSString*)[NSS stringWithUTF8String:A])

多年以后，C对我来说仍然是一团混乱。我不太相信我有能力纠正我的严重缺点——我唯一的橄榄枝是@inket的回答的修改版本，对于我的纯粹主义者/讨厌冗长的人来说……

id _system(id cmd) { 
   return !cmd ? nil : ({ NSPipe* pipe; NSTask * task;
  [task = NSTask.new setValuesForKeysWithDictionary: 
    @{ @"launchPath" : @"/bin/sh", 
        @"arguments" : @[@"-c", cmd],
   @"standardOutput" : pipe = NSPipe.pipe}]; [task launch];
  [NSString.alloc initWithData:
     pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile
                      encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; });
}

或者因为Objective C只是C，上面有一些OO层，你可以使用posix对等物:

int execl(const char *path, const char *arg0, ..., const char *argn, (char *)0);
int execle(const char *path, const char *arg0, ..., const char *argn, (char *)0, char *const envp[]);
int execlp(const char *file, const char *arg0, ..., const char *argn, (char *)0);
int execlpe(const char *file, const char *arg0, ..., const char *argn, (char *)0, char *const envp[]);
int execv(const char *path, char *const argv[]);
int execve(const char *path, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]);
int execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);
int execvpe(const char *file, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]); 

它们包含在unistd.h头文件中。

下面是如何在Swift中做到这一点

Swift 3.0的变化: nspape已被重命名为Pipe NSTask已重命名为Process

这是基于inkit的Objective-C答案上面。他把它写成NSString -的category 对于Swift来说，它成为了String的扩展。

extension String. runascommand() ->字符串

extension String {
    func runAsCommand() -> String {
        let pipe = Pipe()
        let task = Process()
        task.launchPath = "/bin/sh"
        task.arguments = ["-c", String(format:"%@", self)]
        task.standardOutput = pipe
        let file = pipe.fileHandleForReading
        task.launch()
        if let result = NSString(data: file.readDataToEndOfFile(), encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue) {
            return result as String
        }
        else {
            return "--- Error running command - Unable to initialize string from file data ---"
        }
    }
}

用法:

let input = "echo hello"
let output = input.runAsCommand()
print(output)                        // prints "hello"

或者是:

print("echo hello".runAsCommand())   // prints "hello" 

例子:

@IBAction func toggleFinderShowAllFiles(_ sender: AnyObject) {

    var newSetting = ""
    let readDefaultsCommand = "defaults read com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles"

    let oldSetting = readDefaultsCommand.runAsCommand()

    // Note: the Command results are terminated with a newline character

    if (oldSetting == "0\n") { newSetting = "1" }
    else { newSetting = "0" }

    let writeDefaultsCommand = "defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles \(newSetting) ; killall Finder"

    _ = writeDefaultsCommand.runAsCommand()

}

注意从Pipe中读取的Process结果是一个NSString对象。它可能是一个错误字符串，也可能是一个空字符串，但它应该总是一个NSString。

因此，只要它不是nil，结果就可以转换为Swift String并返回。

如果由于某种原因，没有NSString可以从文件数据初始化，该函数返回一个错误消息。函数可以被写成返回一个可选的String?，但这将是尴尬的使用，也不会起到有用的作用，因为这种情况不太可能发生。

除了上面的几个出色的答案之外，我还使用以下代码在后台处理命令的输出，并避免[file readDataToEndOfFile]的阻塞机制。

- (void)runCommand:(NSString *)commandToRun
{
    NSTask *task = [[NSTask alloc] init];
    [task setLaunchPath:@"/bin/sh"];

    NSArray *arguments = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
                          @"-c" ,
                          [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", commandToRun],
                          nil];
    NSLog(@"run command:%@", commandToRun);
    [task setArguments:arguments];

    NSPipe *pipe = [NSPipe pipe];
    [task setStandardOutput:pipe];

    NSFileHandle *file = [pipe fileHandleForReading];

    [task launch];

    [self performSelectorInBackground:@selector(collectTaskOutput:) withObject:file];
}

- (void)collectTaskOutput:(NSFileHandle *)file
{
    NSData      *data;
    do
    {
        data = [file availableData];
        NSLog(@"%@", [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] );

    } while ([data length] > 0); // [file availableData] Returns empty data when the pipe was closed

    // Task has stopped
    [file closeFile];
}

你可以使用NSTask。下面是一个运行'/usr/bin/grep foo bar.txt'的例子。

int pid = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] processIdentifier];
NSPipe *pipe = [NSPipe pipe];
NSFileHandle *file = pipe.fileHandleForReading;

NSTask *task = [[NSTask alloc] init];
task.launchPath = @"/usr/bin/grep";
task.arguments = @[@"foo", @"bar.txt"];
task.standardOutput = pipe;

[task launch];

NSData *data = [file readDataToEndOfFile];
[file closeFile];

NSString *grepOutput = [[NSString alloc] initWithData: data encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog (@"grep returned:\n%@", grepOutput);

nspope和NSFileHandle用于重定向任务的标准输出。

有关在Objective-C应用程序中与操作系统交互的更详细信息，您可以查看Apple开发中心的这篇文档:与操作系统交互。

编辑:包括修复NSLog问题

如果你正在使用NSTask通过bash运行命令行实用程序，那么你需要包括这条神奇的行来保持NSLog工作:

//The magic line that keeps your log where it belongs
task.standardOutput = pipe;

解释在这里:https://web.archive.org/web/20141121094204/https://cocoadev.com/HowToPipeCommandsWithNSTask

肯特的文章给了我一个新想法。这个runCommand方法不需要脚本文件，只需要用一行来运行命令:

- (NSString *)runCommand:(NSString *)commandToRun
{
    NSTask *task = [[NSTask alloc] init];
    [task setLaunchPath:@"/bin/sh"];

    NSArray *arguments = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
                          @"-c" ,
                          [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", commandToRun],
                          nil];
    NSLog(@"run command:%@", commandToRun);
    [task setArguments:arguments];

    NSPipe *pipe = [NSPipe pipe];
    [task setStandardOutput:pipe];

    NSFileHandle *file = [pipe fileHandleForReading];

    [task launch];

    NSData *data = [file readDataToEndOfFile];

    NSString *output = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    return output;
}

你可以这样使用这个方法:

NSString *output = runCommand(@"ps -A | grep mysql");