肯特的文章给了我一个新想法。这个runCommand方法不需要脚本文件，只需要用一行来运行命令:

- (NSString *)runCommand:(NSString *)commandToRun
{
    NSTask *task = [[NSTask alloc] init];
    [task setLaunchPath:@"/bin/sh"];

    NSArray *arguments = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
                          @"-c" ,
                          [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", commandToRun],
                          nil];
    NSLog(@"run command:%@", commandToRun);
    [task setArguments:arguments];

    NSPipe *pipe = [NSPipe pipe];
    [task setStandardOutput:pipe];

    NSFileHandle *file = [pipe fileHandleForReading];

    [task launch];

    NSData *data = [file readDataToEndOfFile];

    NSString *output = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    return output;
}

你可以这样使用这个方法:

NSString *output = runCommand(@"ps -A | grep mysql");

Objective-C (Swift见下文)

清理顶部答案中的代码，使其更具可读性，减少冗余，增加单行方法的好处，并使其成为NSString类别

@interface NSString (ShellExecution)
- (NSString*)runAsCommand;
@end

实现:

@implementation NSString (ShellExecution)

- (NSString*)runAsCommand {
    NSPipe* pipe = [NSPipe pipe];

    NSTask* task = [[NSTask alloc] init];
    [task setLaunchPath: @"/bin/sh"];
    [task setArguments:@[@"-c", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", self]]];
    [task setStandardOutput:pipe];

    NSFileHandle* file = [pipe fileHandleForReading];
    [task launch];

    return [[NSString alloc] initWithData:[file readDataToEndOfFile] encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
}

@end

用法:

NSString* output = [@"echo hello" runAsCommand];

如果你在输出编码方面有问题:

// Had problems with `lsof` output and Japanese-named files, this fixed it
NSString* output = [@"export LANG=en_US.UTF-8;echo hello" runAsCommand];

希望它对你和未来的我一样有用。(嗨,你!)

斯威夫特4

下面是一个使用管道、进程和字符串的Swift示例

extension String {
    func run() -> String? {
        let pipe = Pipe()
        let process = Process()
        process.launchPath = "/bin/sh"
        process.arguments = ["-c", self]
        process.standardOutput = pipe

        let fileHandle = pipe.fileHandleForReading
        process.launch()

        return String(data: fileHandle.readDataToEndOfFile(), encoding: .utf8)
    }
}

用法:

let output = "echo hello".run()

还有一个很好的老式POSIX系统("echo -en '\007'");

如果终端命令需要管理员权限(又名sudo)，请使用AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges代替。 下面将创建一个名为“com.stackoverflow”的文件。test是根目录“/System/Library/Caches”。

AuthorizationRef authorizationRef;
FILE *pipe = NULL;
OSStatus err = AuthorizationCreate(nil,
                                   kAuthorizationEmptyEnvironment,
                                   kAuthorizationFlagDefaults,
                                   &authorizationRef);

char *command= "/usr/bin/touch";
char *args[] = {"/System/Library/Caches/com.stackoverflow.test", nil};

err = AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges(authorizationRef,
                                         command,
                                         kAuthorizationFlagDefaults,
                                         args,
                                         &pipe); 

fork, exec和wait应该有用，如果你不是在寻找Objective-C特定的方法。Fork创建当前运行程序的副本，exec用一个新程序替换当前运行的程序，然后wait等待子进程退出。例如(没有任何错误检查):

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

pid_t p = fork();
if (p == 0) {
    /* fork returns 0 in the child process. */
    execl("/other/program/to/run", "/other/program/to/run", "foo", NULL);
} else {
    /* fork returns the child's PID in the parent. */
    int status;
    wait(&status);
    /* The child has exited, and status contains the way it exited. */
}

/* The child has run and exited by the time execution gets to here. */

还有一个系统，它运行命令，就像您从shell的命令行输入命令一样。这样更简单，但你对情况的控制力更弱。

我假设你正在使用一个Mac应用程序，所以这些链接指向苹果关于这些函数的文档，但它们都是POSIX，所以你应该在任何POSIX兼容的系统上使用它们。

我写了这个“C”函数，因为NSTask很讨厌。

NSString * runCommand(NSString* c) {

    NSString* outP; FILE *read_fp;  char buffer[BUFSIZ + 1];
    int chars_read; memset(buffer, '\0', sizeof(buffer));
    read_fp = popen(c.UTF8String, "r");
    if (read_fp != NULL) {
        chars_read = fread(buffer, sizeof(char), BUFSIZ, read_fp);
        if (chars_read > 0) outP = $UTF8(buffer);
        pclose(read_fp);
    }   
    return outP;
}

NSLog(@"%@", runCommand(@"ls -la /")); 

total 16751
drwxrwxr-x+ 60 root        wheel     2108 May 24 15:19 .
drwxrwxr-x+ 60 root        wheel     2108 May 24 15:19 ..
…

哦，为了完整/明确起见……

#define $UTF8(A) ((NSString*)[NSS stringWithUTF8String:A])

多年以后，C对我来说仍然是一团混乱。我不太相信我有能力纠正我的严重缺点——我唯一的橄榄枝是@inket的回答的修改版本，对于我的纯粹主义者/讨厌冗长的人来说……

id _system(id cmd) { 
   return !cmd ? nil : ({ NSPipe* pipe; NSTask * task;
  [task = NSTask.new setValuesForKeysWithDictionary: 
    @{ @"launchPath" : @"/bin/sh", 
        @"arguments" : @[@"-c", cmd],
   @"standardOutput" : pipe = NSPipe.pipe}]; [task launch];
  [NSString.alloc initWithData:
     pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile
                      encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; });
}