我喜欢的一种方法是基于观察者模式。我定义了一个信号类，线程用它向侦听器发出异常。它还可以用于从线程返回值。例子:

import threading

class Signal:
    def __init__(self):
        self._subscribers = list()

    def emit(self, *args, **kwargs):
        for func in self._subscribers:
            func(*args, **kwargs)

    def connect(self, func):
        self._subscribers.append(func)

    def disconnect(self, func):
        try:
            self._subscribers.remove(func)
        except ValueError:
            raise ValueError('Function {0} not removed from {1}'.format(func, self))


class WorkerThread(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(WorkerThread, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.Exception = Signal()
        self.Result = Signal()

    def run(self):
        if self._Thread__target is not None:
            try:
                self._return_value = self._Thread__target(*self._Thread__args, **self._Thread__kwargs)
            except Exception as e:
                self.Exception.emit(e)
            else:
                self.Result.emit(self._return_value)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import time

    def handle_exception(exc):
        print exc.message

    def handle_result(res):
        print res

    def a():
        time.sleep(1)
        raise IOError('a failed')

    def b():
        time.sleep(2)
        return 'b returns'

    t = WorkerThread(target=a)
    t2 = WorkerThread(target=b)
    t.Exception.connect(handle_exception)
    t2.Result.connect(handle_result)
    t.start()
    t2.start()

    print 'Threads started'

    t.join()
    t2.join()
    print 'Done'

我没有足够的使用线程的经验来断言这是一种完全安全的方法。但这对我来说很管用，我喜欢这种灵活性。

我喜欢这门课:

https://gist.github.com/earonesty/b88d60cb256b71443e42c4f1d949163e

import threading
from typing import Any


class PropagatingThread(threading.Thread):
    """A Threading Class that raises errors it caught, and returns the return value of the target on join."""

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self._target = None
        self._args = ()
        self._kwargs = {}
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.exception = None
        self.return_value = None
        assert self._target

    def run(self):
        """Don't override this if you want the behavior of this class, use target instead."""
        try:
            if self._target:
                self.return_value = self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
        except Exception as e:
            self.exception = e
        finally:
            # see super().run() for why this is necessary
            del self._target, self._args, self._kwargs

    def join(self, timeout=None) -> Any:
        super().join(timeout)
        if self.exception:
            raise self.exception
        return self.return_value

我使用这个版本，它是最小的，它工作得很好。

class SafeThread(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(SafeThread, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.exception = None

    def run(self) -> None:
        try:
            super(SafeThread, self).run()
        except Exception as ex:
            self.exception = ex
            traceback.print_exc()

    def join(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
        super(SafeThread, self).join(*args, **kwargs)
        if self.exception:
            raise self.exception

要使用它，只需替换线程。带安全线程的线程

t = SafeThread(target = some_function, args = (some, args,))
t.start()
# do something else here if you want as the thread runs in the background
t.join()

使用裸例外并不是一个好的实践，因为您通常会获得比您讨价还价时更多的东西。

我建议修改except以只捕获您想要处理的异常。我不认为引发它有预期的效果，因为当你在外层try中实例化TheThread时，如果它引发一个异常，赋值永远不会发生。

相反，你可能只想提醒它，然后继续前进，比如:

def run(self):
    try:
       shul.copytree(self.sourceFolder, self.destFolder)
    except OSError, err:
       print err

然后，当异常被捕获时，您可以在那里处理它。然后，当外部try从TheThread捕获异常时，您知道它不是您已经处理过的异常，并将帮助您隔离流程流。

类似于RickardSjogren的方法，没有Queue, sys等，但也没有一些信号监听器:直接执行一个异常处理程序，对应于一个异常块。

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import threading

class ExceptionThread(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, callback=None, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Redirect exceptions of thread to an exception handler.

        :param callback: function to handle occured exception
        :type callback: function(thread, exception)
        :param args: arguments for threading.Thread()
        :type args: tuple
        :param kwargs: keyword arguments for threading.Thread()
        :type kwargs: dict
        """
        self._callback = callback
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def run(self):
        try:
            if self._target:
                self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
        except BaseException as e:
            if self._callback is None:
                raise e
            else:
                self._callback(self, e)
        finally:
            # Avoid a refcycle if the thread is running a function with
            # an argument that has a member that points to the thread.
            del self._target, self._args, self._kwargs, self._callback

只有自我。_callback和run()中的except块是普通threading.Thread之外的。

使用异常存储包装线程。

import threading
import sys
class ExcThread(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, target, args = None):
        self.args = args if args else []
        self.target = target
        self.exc = None
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)

    def run(self):
        try:
            self.target(*self.args)
            raise Exception('An error occured here.')
        except Exception:
            self.exc=sys.exc_info()

def main():
    def hello(name):
        print(!"Hello, {name}!")
    thread_obj = ExcThread(target=hello, args=("Jack"))
    thread_obj.start()

    thread_obj.join()
    exc = thread_obj.exc
    if exc:
        exc_type, exc_obj, exc_trace = exc
        print(exc_type, ':',exc_obj, ":", exc_trace)

main()