我知道c#中实例化的值类型数组会自动填充该类型的默认值(例如bool为false, int为0,等等)。

是否有一种方法来自动填充一个不是默认的种子值的数组?无论是在创建或之后的内置方法(如Java的Arrays.fill())?假设我想要一个默认为true的布尔数组,而不是false。是否有一个内置的方法来做到这一点,或者你只需要通过一个for循环迭代数组?

 // Example pseudo-code:
 bool[] abValues = new[1000000];
 Array.Populate(abValues, true);

 // Currently how I'm handling this:
 bool[] abValues = new[1000000];
 for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
 {
     abValues[i] = true;
 }

必须遍历数组并将每个值“重置”为true似乎效率不高。还有其他方法吗?也许通过翻转所有值?

在输入这个问题并思考之后,我猜默认值只是c#在幕后处理这些对象的内存分配的结果,所以我想这可能是不可能的。但我还是想确定一下!


当前回答

我不知道框架方法,但你可以写一个快速助手来帮你做。

public static void Populate<T>(this T[] arr, T value ) {
  for ( int i = 0; i < arr.Length;i++ ) {
    arr[i] = value;
  }
}

其他回答

下面是System.Collections.BitArray的另一个方法,它有这样的构造函数。

bool[] result = new BitArray(1000000, true).Cast<bool>().ToArray();

or

bool[] result = new bool[1000000];
new BitArray(1000000, true).CopyTo(result, 0);

这里给出的许多答案都可以归结为一个循环,每次初始化数组中的一个元素,它没有利用设计为一次操作内存块的CPU指令。

. net Standard 2.1(在撰写本文时的预览版中)提供了Array.Fill(),这有助于在运行时库中实现高性能(尽管到目前为止,. net Core似乎还没有利用这种可能性)。

For those on earlier platforms, the following extension method outperforms a trivial loop by a substantial margin when the array size is significant. I created it when my solution for an online code challenge was around 20% over the allocated time budget. It reduced the runtime by around 70%. In this case, the array fill was performed inside another loop. BLOCK_SIZE was set by gut feeling rather than experiment. Some optimizations are possible (e.g. copying all bytes already set to the desired value rather than a fixed-size block).

internal const int BLOCK_SIZE = 256;
public static void Fill<T>(this T[] array, T value)
{
    if (array.Length < 2 * BLOCK_SIZE)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++) array[i] = value;
    }
    else
    {
        int fullBlocks = array.Length / BLOCK_SIZE;
        // Initialize first block
        for (int j = 0; j < BLOCK_SIZE; j++) array[j] = value;
        // Copy successive full blocks
        for (int blk = 1; blk < fullBlocks; blk++)
        {
            Array.Copy(array, 0, array, blk * BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE);
        }

        for (int rem = fullBlocks * BLOCK_SIZE; rem < array.Length; rem++)
        {
            array[rem] = value;
        }
    }
}

创建一个包含1000个真值的新数组:

var items = Enumerable.Repeat<bool>(true, 1000).ToArray();  // Or ToList(), etc.

类似地,你可以生成整数序列:

var items = Enumerable.Range(0, 1000).ToArray();  // 0..999

只是一个基准:

BenchmarkDotNet=v0.12.1, OS=Windows 10.0.18363.997 (1909/November2018Update/19H2)
Intel Core i7-6700HQ CPU 2.60GHz (Skylake), 1 CPU, 8 logical and 4 physical cores
.NET Core SDK=3.1.302
  [Host]        : .NET Core 3.1.6 (CoreCLR 4.700.20.26901, CoreFX 4.700.20.31603), X64 RyuJIT
  .NET Core 3.1 : .NET Core 3.1.6 (CoreCLR 4.700.20.26901, CoreFX 4.700.20.31603), X64 RyuJIT

Job=.NET Core 3.1  Runtime=.NET Core 3.1

|           Method |     Mean |     Error |    StdDev |
|----------------- |---------:|----------:|----------:|
| EnumerableRepeat | 2.311 us | 0.0228 us | 0.0213 us |
|  NewArrayForEach | 2.007 us | 0.0392 us | 0.0348 us |
|        ArrayFill | 2.426 us | 0.0103 us | 0.0092 us |
    [SimpleJob(BenchmarkDotNet.Jobs.RuntimeMoniker.NetCoreApp31)]
    public class InitializeArrayBenchmark {
        const int ArrayLength = 1600;

        [Benchmark]
        public double[] EnumerableRepeat() {
            return Enumerable.Repeat(double.PositiveInfinity, ArrayLength).ToArray();
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public double[] NewArrayForEach() {
            var array = new double[ArrayLength];

            for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++) {
                array[i] = double.PositiveInfinity;
            }

            return array;
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public double[] ArrayFill() {
            var array = new double[ArrayLength];
            Array.Fill(array, double.PositiveInfinity);

            return array;
        }
    }

这也是可行的……但可能没有必要

 bool[] abValues = new bool[1000];
 abValues = abValues.Select( n => n = true ).ToArray<bool>();