什么时候在对象中使用工厂方法而不是factory类是一个好主意?
当前回答
我把工厂比作图书馆的概念。例如,您可以有一个库用于处理数字,另一个库用于处理形状。您可以将这些库的函数存储在逻辑上命名为Numbers或Shapes的目录中。这些是泛型类型,可以包括整数,浮点数,双元,长或矩形,圆形,三角形,在形状的情况下,五边形。
该系统采用了多态、依赖注入和控制反转等技术。
Factory Patterns的目的是:定义一个用于创建对象的接口,但是让子类来决定实例化哪个类。工厂方法允许类延迟实例化到子类。
假设你正在构建一个操作系统或框架,你正在构建所有的离散组件。
下面是PHP中工厂模式概念的一个简单示例。我可能不会完全理解,但这只是一个简单的例子。我不是专家。
class NumbersFactory {
public static function makeNumber( $type, $number ) {
$numObject = null;
$number = null;
switch( $type ) {
case 'float':
$numObject = new Float( $number );
break;
case 'integer':
$numObject = new Integer( $number );
break;
case 'short':
$numObject = new Short( $number );
break;
case 'double':
$numObject = new Double( $number );
break;
case 'long':
$numObject = new Long( $number );
break;
default:
$numObject = new Integer( $number );
break;
}
return $numObject;
}
}
/* Numbers interface */
abstract class Number {
protected $number;
public function __construct( $number ) {
$this->number = $number;
}
abstract public function add();
abstract public function subtract();
abstract public function multiply();
abstract public function divide();
}
/* Float Implementation */
class Float extends Number {
public function add() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function subtract() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function multiply() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function divide() {
// implementation goes here
}
}
/* Integer Implementation */
class Integer extends Number {
public function add() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function subtract() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function multiply() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function divide() {
// implementation goes here
}
}
/* Short Implementation */
class Short extends Number {
public function add() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function subtract() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function multiply() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function divide() {
// implementation goes here
}
}
/* Double Implementation */
class Double extends Number {
public function add() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function subtract() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function multiply() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function divide() {
// implementation goes here
}
}
/* Long Implementation */
class Long extends Number {
public function add() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function subtract() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function multiply() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function divide() {
// implementation goes here
}
}
$number = NumbersFactory::makeNumber( 'float', 12.5 );
其他回答
我把工厂比作图书馆的概念。例如,您可以有一个库用于处理数字,另一个库用于处理形状。您可以将这些库的函数存储在逻辑上命名为Numbers或Shapes的目录中。这些是泛型类型,可以包括整数,浮点数,双元,长或矩形,圆形,三角形,在形状的情况下,五边形。
该系统采用了多态、依赖注入和控制反转等技术。
Factory Patterns的目的是:定义一个用于创建对象的接口,但是让子类来决定实例化哪个类。工厂方法允许类延迟实例化到子类。
假设你正在构建一个操作系统或框架,你正在构建所有的离散组件。
下面是PHP中工厂模式概念的一个简单示例。我可能不会完全理解,但这只是一个简单的例子。我不是专家。
class NumbersFactory {
public static function makeNumber( $type, $number ) {
$numObject = null;
$number = null;
switch( $type ) {
case 'float':
$numObject = new Float( $number );
break;
case 'integer':
$numObject = new Integer( $number );
break;
case 'short':
$numObject = new Short( $number );
break;
case 'double':
$numObject = new Double( $number );
break;
case 'long':
$numObject = new Long( $number );
break;
default:
$numObject = new Integer( $number );
break;
}
return $numObject;
}
}
/* Numbers interface */
abstract class Number {
protected $number;
public function __construct( $number ) {
$this->number = $number;
}
abstract public function add();
abstract public function subtract();
abstract public function multiply();
abstract public function divide();
}
/* Float Implementation */
class Float extends Number {
public function add() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function subtract() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function multiply() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function divide() {
// implementation goes here
}
}
/* Integer Implementation */
class Integer extends Number {
public function add() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function subtract() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function multiply() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function divide() {
// implementation goes here
}
}
/* Short Implementation */
class Short extends Number {
public function add() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function subtract() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function multiply() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function divide() {
// implementation goes here
}
}
/* Double Implementation */
class Double extends Number {
public function add() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function subtract() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function multiply() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function divide() {
// implementation goes here
}
}
/* Long Implementation */
class Long extends Number {
public function add() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function subtract() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function multiply() {
// implementation goes here
}
public function divide() {
// implementation goes here
}
}
$number = NumbersFactory::makeNumber( 'float', 12.5 );
清楚地区分使用工厂或工厂方法背后的思想是很重要的。 两者都旨在解决互斥的不同类型的对象创建问题。
让我们具体谈谈“工厂方法”:
首先,当您正在开发库或api时,这些库或api将用于进一步的应用程序开发,那么工厂方法是创建模式的最佳选择之一。原因;我们知道什么时候创建一个所需功能的对象,但对象的类型仍未确定,或者将根据传递的动态参数来决定。
Now the point is, approximately same can be achieved by using factory pattern itself but one huge drawback will introduce into the system if factory pattern will be used for above highlighted problem, it is that your logic of crating different objects(sub classes objects) will be specific to some business condition so in future when you need to extend your library's functionality for other platforms(In more technically, you need to add more sub classes of basic interface or abstract class so factory will return those objects also in addition to existing one based on some dynamic parameters) then every time you need to change(extend) the logic of factory class which will be costly operation and not good from design perspective. On the other side, if "factory method" pattern will be used to perform the same thing then you just need to create additional functionality(sub classes) and get it registered dynamically by injection which doesn't require changes in your base code.
interface Deliverable
{
/*********/
}
abstract class DefaultProducer
{
public void taskToBeDone()
{
Deliverable deliverable = factoryMethodPattern();
}
protected abstract Deliverable factoryMethodPattern();
}
class SpecificDeliverable implements Deliverable
{
/***SPECIFIC TASK CAN BE WRITTEN HERE***/
}
class SpecificProducer extends DefaultProducer
{
protected Deliverable factoryMethodPattern()
{
return new SpecificDeliverable();
}
}
public class MasterApplicationProgram
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
DefaultProducer defaultProducer = new SpecificProducer();
defaultProducer.taskToBeDone();
}
}
当您需要几个具有相同参数类型但具有不同行为的“构造函数”时,它们也很有用。
工厂类更重量级,但也有一定的优势。当您需要从多个原始数据源构建对象时,它们允许您在一个地方只封装构建逻辑(可能还包括数据的聚合)。在那里可以进行抽象的测试,而不需要考虑对象接口。
我发现这是一种有用的模式,特别是当我无法替换ORM且ORM不足,并且希望有效地实例化来自DB表连接或存储过程的许多对象时。
GOF定义:
定义一个用于创建对象的接口,但是让子类来决定实例化哪个类。工厂方法允许类延迟实例化到子类。
一般例子:
public abstract class Factory<T> {
public abstract T instantiate(Supplier<? extends T> supplier);
}
具体类
public class SupplierFactory<T> extends Factory<T> {
@Override
public T instantiate(Supplier<? extends T> supplier) {
return supplier.get();
}
}
实现
public class Alpha implements BaseInterface {
@Override
public void doAction() {
System.out.println("The Alpha executed");
}
}
public class Beta implements BaseInterface {
@Override
public void doAction() {
System.out.println("The Beta executed");
}
}
public interface BaseInterface {
void doAction();
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Factory<BaseInterface> secondFactory = new SupplierFactory<>();
secondFactory.instantiate(Beta::new).doAction();
secondFactory.instantiate(Alpha::new).doAction();
}
}
短暂的优势
您正在分离可以变化的代码和不变的代码(即,使用简单工厂模式的优点仍然存在)。这种技术可以帮助您轻松地维护代码。 你的代码不是紧密耦合的;因此,你可以随时在系统中添加新的类,如Lion、Beer等,而无需修改现有的体系结构。因此,您遵循了“修改封闭,扩展开放”的原则。