我将在正确答案....中转发(因为我还没有酷到可以评论)以防有人觉得需要更好的解释。

SELECT temp_table_1.name
FROM original_table_1 temp_table_1
LEFT JOIN original_table_2 temp_table_2 ON temp_table_2.name = temp_table_1.name
WHERE temp_table_2.name IS NULL

在mySQL中，我看到FROM中的语法需要在表名之间使用逗号，但在sqlLite中，它似乎更喜欢空格。

底线是，当你使用不好的变量名时，它会留下问题。我的变量应该更有意义。应该有人解释一下为什么我们需要逗号或不需要逗号。

以上所有查询在大表上都非常慢。战略需要改变。这里有我用于我的DB的代码，你可以音译改变字段和表名。

这就是策略:创建两个隐式临时表并将它们合并。

The first temporary table comes from a selection of all the rows of the first original table the fields of which you wanna control that are NOT present in the second original table. The second implicit temporary table contains all the rows of the two original tables that have a match on identical values of the column/field you wanna control. The result of the union is a table that has more than one row with the same control field value in case there is a match for that value on the two original tables (one coming from the first select, the second coming from the second select) and just one row with the control column value in case of the value of the first original table not matching any value of the second original table. You group and count. When the count is 1 there is not match and, finally, you select just the rows with the count equal to 1.

看起来并不优雅，但它比上面所有的解决方案都要快几个数量级。

重要提示:启用要检查的列上的INDEX。

SELECT name, source, id
FROM 
(
    SELECT name, "active_ingredients" as source, active_ingredients.id as id 
        FROM active_ingredients

    UNION ALL
        
    SELECT active_ingredients.name as name, "UNII_database" as source, temp_active_ingredients_aliases.id as id 
    FROM active_ingredients
    INNER JOIN temp_active_ingredients_aliases ON temp_active_ingredients_aliases.alias_name = active_ingredients.name

) tbl
GROUP BY name
HAVING count(*) = 1
ORDER BY name

以下是对我最有效的方法。

SELECT *
FROM @T1
EXCEPT
SELECT a.*
FROM @T1 a
JOIN @T2 b ON a.ID = b.ID

这比我试过的其他方法快了一倍多。

你可以在mssql中使用EXCEPT或在oracle中使用MINUS，它们是相同的:

http://blog.sqlauthority.com/2008/08/07/sql-server-except-clause-in-sql-server-is-similar-to-minus-clause-in-oracle/

看到查询:

SELECT * FROM Table1 WHERE
id NOT IN (SELECT 
        e.id
    FROM
        Table1 e
            INNER JOIN
        Table2 s ON e.id = s.id);

从概念上讲是:在子查询中获取匹配的记录，然后在主查询中获取不在子查询中的记录。

我尝试了以上所有的解决方案，但它们都不适合我。下面的查询对我有用。

SELECT NAME
FROM   table_1
WHERE  NAME NOT IN
       (SELECT    a.NAME
        FROM      table_1 AS a
        LEFT JOIN table_2 AS b
        ON        a.NAME = b.NAME
        WHERE     any further condition);