对于SwiftUI

将@EnvironmentObject视为在许多视图上使用@ObservedObject的更聪明、更简单的方法。您不必在视图A中创建一些数据，然后将其传递给视图B、视图C和视图D，然后再最终使用它，而是可以在视图中创建数据并将其放入环境中，以便视图B、C和D可以自动访问它。

注意：环境对象必须由祖先视图提供–如果SwiftUI找不到正确类型的环境对象，则会导致崩溃。这也适用于预览，所以要小心。

例如，这里有一个存储用户设置的可观察对象：

class UserSettings: ObservableObject {
     @Published var score = 0
}

您可以将数据保存在App代理中，以便通过应用程序中的视图控制器访问数据。您只需创建应用程序委托的共享实例：

AppDelegate *appDelegate = (AppDelegate *)[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;

例如

如果声明NSArray对象*arrayXYZ，则可以通过appDelegate.arrayXYZ在任何视图控制器中访问它。

使用通知中心

对于Swift 3

let imageDataDict:[String: UIImage] = ["image": image]

// Post a notification
NotificationCenter.default.post(name: NSNotification.Name(rawValue: "notificationName"), object: nil, userInfo: imageDataDict)
// `default` is now a property, not a method call

// Register to receive notification in your class
NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(self.showSpinningWheel(_:)), name: NSNotification.Name(rawValue: "notificationName"), object: nil)

// Handle notification
func showSpinningWheel(_ notification: NSNotification) {
    print(notification.userInfo ?? "")
    if let dict = notification.userInfo as NSDictionary? {
        if let id = dict["image"] as? UIImage {
            // Do something with your image
        }
    }
}

对于Swift 4

let imageDataDict:[String: UIImage] = ["image": image]

// Post a notification
NotificationCenter.default.post(name: NSNotification.Name(rawValue: "notificationName"), object: nil, userInfo: imageDataDict)
// `default` is now a property, not a method call

// Register to receive notification in your class
NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(self.showSpinningWheel(_:)), name: NSNotification.Name(rawValue: "notificationName"), object: nil)

// Handle notification
@objc func showSpinningWheel(_ notification: NSNotification) {
    print(notification.userInfo ?? "")
    if let dict = notification.userInfo as NSDictionary? {
        if let id = dict["image"] as? UIImage {
            // Do something with your image
        }
    }
}

这个问题在Stack Overflow上似乎很流行，所以我想我会尝试给出一个更好的答案，以帮助像我这样在iOS世界起步的人。

转发数据

将数据从另一个视图控制器转发到视图控制器。如果您想将对象/值从一个视图控制器传递到另一个视图控件，并将其推送到导航堆栈，则可以使用此方法。

对于本例，我们将使用ViewControllerA和ViewControllerB

要将BOOL值从ViewControllerA传递到ViewControllerB，我们将执行以下操作。

在ViewControllerB.h中为BOOL创建一个属性@属性（非原子，赋值）BOOL是SomethingEnabled；在ViewControllerA中，您需要告诉它ViewControllerB，所以使用#import“ViewControllerB.h”

然后，如果要加载视图，例如didSelectRowAtIndex或某个IBAction，则需要在将其推到导航堆栈之前在ViewControllerB中设置属性。

    ViewControllerB *viewControllerB = [[ViewControllerB alloc] initWithNib:@"ViewControllerB" bundle:nil];
    viewControllerB.isSomethingEnabled = YES;
    [self pushViewController:viewControllerB animated:YES];

这会将ViewControllerB中的isSomethingEnabled设置为BOOL值YES。

使用Segues转发数据

如果您使用的是情节提要，则很可能使用segue，需要使用此过程来传递数据。这与上述类似，但不是在推送视图控制器之前传递数据，而是使用名为

-(void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender

因此，要将BOOL从ViewControllerA传递到ViewControllerB，我们将执行以下操作：

在ViewControllerB.h中为BOOL创建一个属性@属性（非原子，赋值）BOOL是SomethingEnabled；在ViewControllerA中，您需要告诉它ViewControllerB，因此使用#import“ViewControllerB.h”在情节提要上创建从ViewControllerA到ViewControllerB的片段，并为其提供标识符。在本例中，我们将其称为“showDetailSegue”接下来，我们需要将该方法添加到ViewControllerA，在执行任何segue时调用该方法。因此，我们需要检测调用了哪个segue，然后采取措施。在我们的示例中，我们将检查“showDetailSegue”，如果执行了，我们将把BOOL值传递给ViewControllerB-（void）准备segue:（UIStoryboardSegue*）segue发件人：（id）发件人{if（[segue.identifier isEqualToString:@“showDetailSegue”]）{ViewControllerB*控制器=（ViewControllerB*）segue.destinationViewController；controller.isSomethingEnabled=是；}}

如果在导航控制器中嵌入了视图，则需要将上面的方法稍微更改为以下方法

    -(void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender{
        if([segue.identifier isEqualToString:@"showDetailSegue"]){
            UINavigationController *navController = (UINavigationController *)segue.destinationViewController;
            ViewControllerB *controller = (ViewControllerB *)navController.topViewController;
            controller.isSomethingEnabled = YES;
        }
    }

这会将ViewControllerB中的isSomethingEnabled设置为BOOL值YES。

传回数据

要将数据从ViewControllerB传递回ViewControllerA，需要使用协议和委托或块，后者可以用作回调的松耦合机制。

为此，我们将使ViewControllerA成为ViewControllerB的委托。这允许ViewControllerB向ViewControllerA发回消息，使我们能够发回数据。

要使ViewControllerA成为ViewControllerB的委托，它必须符合我们必须指定的ViewControllerC协议。这告诉ViewControllerA它必须实现哪些方法。

在ViewControllerB.h中，在#import下方，但在@interface上方，指定协议。@类ViewControllerB；@协议ViewControllerBDLegate<NSObject>-（void）addItemViewController:（ViewControllerB*）控制器didFinishEnteringItem:（NSString*）项；@完接下来仍然在ViewControllerB.h中，您需要设置委托属性并在ViewController B.m中进行合成@属性（非原子，弱）id<ViewControllerBDLegate>委托；在ViewControllerB中，当我们弹出视图控制器时，我们调用代理上的消息。NSString*itemToPassBack=@“将此值传递回ViewControllerA”；[self.delegate addItemViewController:self-didFinishEnteringItem:itemToPassBack]；这就是ViewControllerB。现在在ViewControllerA.h中，告诉ViewControllerA导入ViewControllerB并遵守其协议。#import“ViewControllerB.h”@界面ViewControllerA:UIViewController<ViewControllerBDLegate>在ViewControllerA.m中，根据我们的协议实现以下方法-（void）addItemViewController:（ViewControllerB*）控制器didFinishEnteringItem:（NSString*）项{NSLog（@“这是从ViewControllerB%@返回的”，项）；}在将viewControllerB推送到导航堆栈之前，我们需要告诉viewControllerB ViewControllerA是它的委托，否则我们将得到一个错误。ViewControllerB*ViewControllerB=[[ViewControllerB alloc]initWithNib:@“ViewControllerA”捆绑包：nil]；viewControllerB.delegate=自身[[self-navigationController]pushViewController:viewControllerB动画：是]；

---

工具书类

在《视图控制器编程指南》中使用委派与其他视图控制器通信代理模式

NS通知中心

这是传递数据的另一种方式。

// Add an observer in controller(s) where you want to receive data
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(handleDeepLinking:) name:@"handleDeepLinking" object:nil];

-(void) handleDeepLinking:(NSNotification *) notification {
    id someObject = notification.object // Some custom object that was passed with notification fire.
}

// Post notification
id someObject;
[NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter postNotificationName:@"handleDeepLinking" object:someObject];

将数据从一个类传递回另一个类（类可以是任何控制器、网络/会话管理器、UIView子类或任何其他类）

块是匿名函数。

此示例将数据从控制器B传递到控制器A

定义块

@property void(^selectedVoucherBlock)(NSString *); // in ContollerA.h

添加块处理程序（侦听器）

需要值的地方（例如，需要ControllerA中的API响应，或者需要a上的ContorlerB数据）

// In ContollerA.m

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    __unsafe_unretained typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
    self.selectedVoucherBlock = ^(NSString *voucher) {
        weakSelf->someLabel.text = voucher;
    };
}

转到控制器B

UIStoryboard *storyboard = [UIStoryboard storyboardWithName:@"Main" bundle:nil];
ControllerB *vc = [storyboard instantiateViewControllerWithIdentifier:@"ControllerB"];
vc.sourceVC = self;
    [self.navigationController pushViewController:vc animated:NO];

防火砖

-(void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:
(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    NSString *voucher = vouchersArray[indexPath.row];
    if (sourceVC.selectVoucherBlock) {
        sourceVC.selectVoucherBlock(voucher);
    }
    [self.navigationController popToViewController:sourceVC animated:YES];
}

块的另一个工作示例

雨燕5Matt Price的回答非常适合传递数据，但我我将在最新的Swift版本中重写它，因为我相信由于新的语法和方法/框架，正如最初的帖子在Objective-C中那样。

在视图控制器之间传递数据有多种选项。

使用导航控制器推送使用Segue使用代理使用通知查看器使用块

我将用最新的iOS框架在Swift中重写他的逻辑

---

通过导航控制器传递数据推送：从ViewControllerA到ViewControllerB

步骤1。在ViewControllerB中声明变量

var isSomethingEnabled = false

步骤2。在ViewControllerB的ViewDidLoad方法中打印变量

override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()
    // Print value received through segue, navigation push
    print("Value of 'isSomethingEnabled' from ViewControllerA: ", isSomethingEnabled)
}

步骤3。在ViewControllerA中通过导航控制器时传递数据

if let viewControllerB = UIStoryboard(name: "Main", bundle: nil).instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "ViewControllerB") as? ViewControllerB {
    viewControllerB.isSomethingEnabled = true
    if let navigator = navigationController {
        navigator.pushViewController(viewControllerB, animated: true)
    }
}

以下是完整的代码：

视图控制器A

import UIKit

class ViewControllerA: UIViewController  {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
    }

    // MARK: Passing data through navigation PushViewController
    @IBAction func goToViewControllerB(_ sender: Any) {

        if let viewControllerB = UIStoryboard(name: "Main", bundle: nil).instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "ViewControllerB") as? ViewControllerB {
            viewControllerB.isSomethingEnabled = true
            if let navigator = navigationController {
                navigator.pushViewController(viewControllerB, animated: true)
            }
        }
    }
}

视图控制器B

import UIKit

class ViewControllerB: UIViewController {

    // MARK:  - Variable for Passing Data through Navigation push
    var isSomethingEnabled = false

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Print value received through navigation push
        print("Value of 'isSomethingEnabled' from ViewControllerA: ", isSomethingEnabled)
    }
}

---

通过Segue传递数据：从ViewControllerA到ViewControllerB

步骤1。创建从ViewControllerA到ViewControllerB的Segue，并在Storyboard中提供Identifier=showDetailSegue，如下所示

步骤2。在ViewControllerB中声明一个名为isSomethingEnabled的可行值并打印其值。

步骤3。在ViewControllerA中，传递Segue时传递SomethingEnabled的值

以下是完整的代码：

视图控制器A

import UIKit

class ViewControllerA: UIViewController  {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
    }

    // MARK:  - - Passing Data through Segue  - -
    @IBAction func goToViewControllerBUsingSegue(_ sender: Any) {
        performSegue(withIdentifier: "showDetailSegue", sender: nil)
    }

    // Segue Delegate Method
    override func prepare(for segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: Any?) {
        if (segue.identifier == "showDetailSegue") {
            let controller = segue.destination as? ViewControllerB
            controller?.isSomethingEnabled = true//passing data
        }
    }
}

视图控制器B

import UIKit

class ViewControllerB: UIViewController {
    var isSomethingEnabled = false

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Print value received through segue
        print("Value of 'isSomethingEnabled' from ViewControllerA: ", isSomethingEnabled)
    }
}

---

通过委托传递数据：从ViewControllerB到ViewControllerA

步骤1。在ViewControllerB文件中声明协议ViewControllerBDlegate，但在类之外

protocol ViewControllerBDelegate: NSObjectProtocol {

    // Classes that adopt this protocol MUST define
    // this method -- and hopefully do something in
    // that definition.
    func addItemViewController(_ controller: ViewControllerB?, didFinishEnteringItem item: String?)
}

步骤2。在ViewControllerB中声明委托变量实例

var delegate: ViewControllerBDelegate?

步骤3。在ViewControllerB的viewDidLoad方法中发送委托的数据

delegate?.addItemViewController(self, didFinishEnteringItem: "Data for ViewControllerA")

步骤4。确认ViewControllerB在ViewControllerA中保留

class ViewControllerA: UIViewController, ViewControllerBDelegate  {
// to do
}

步骤5。确认将在ViewControllerA中实现委托

if let viewControllerB = UIStoryboard(name: "Main", bundle: nil).instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "ViewControllerB") as? ViewControllerB {
    viewControllerB.delegate = self//confirming delegate
    if let navigator = navigationController {
        navigator.pushViewController(viewControllerB, animated: true)
    }
}

步骤6。实现用于在ViewControllerA中接收数据的委托方法

func addItemViewController(_ controller: ViewControllerB?, didFinishEnteringItem item: String?) {
    print("Value from ViewControllerB's Delegate", item!)
}

以下是完整的代码：

视图控制器A

import UIKit

class ViewControllerA: UIViewController, ViewControllerBDelegate  {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
    }

    // Delegate method
    func addItemViewController(_ controller: ViewControllerB?, didFinishEnteringItem item: String?) {
        print("Value from ViewControllerB's Delegate", item!)
    }

    @IBAction func goToViewControllerForDelegate(_ sender: Any) {

        if let viewControllerB = UIStoryboard(name: "Main", bundle: nil).instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "ViewControllerB") as? ViewControllerB {
            viewControllerB.delegate = self
            if let navigator = navigationController {
                navigator.pushViewController(viewControllerB, animated: true)
            }
        }
    }
}

视图控制器B

import UIKit

//Protocol decleare
protocol ViewControllerBDelegate: NSObjectProtocol {
    // Classes that adopt this protocol MUST define
    // this method -- and hopefully do something in
    // that definition.
    func addItemViewController(_ controller: ViewControllerB?, didFinishEnteringItem item: String?)
}

class ViewControllerB: UIViewController {
    var delegate: ViewControllerBDelegate?

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // MARK:  - - - -  Set Data for Passing Data through Delegate  - - - - - -
        delegate?.addItemViewController(self, didFinishEnteringItem: "Data for ViewControllerA")
    }
}

---

通过通知查看器传递数据：从ViewControllerB到ViewControllerA

步骤1。在ViewControllerB中的通知查看器中设置和发布数据

let objToBeSent = "Test Message from Notification"
        NotificationCenter.default.post(name: Notification.Name("NotificationIdentifier"), object: objToBeSent)

步骤2。在ViewControllerA中添加通知查看器

NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(self.methodOfReceivedNotification(notification:)), name: Notification.Name("NotificationIdentifier"), object: nil)

步骤3。在ViewControllerA中接收通知数据值

@objc func methodOfReceivedNotification(notification: Notification) {
    print("Value of notification: ", notification.object ?? "")
}

以下是完整的代码：

视图控制器A

import UIKit

class ViewControllerA: UIViewController{

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        // Add observer in controller(s) where you want to receive data
        NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(self.methodOfReceivedNotification(notification:)), name: Notification.Name("NotificationIdentifier"), object: nil)
    }

    // MARK: Method for receiving Data through Post Notification
    @objc func methodOfReceivedNotification(notification: Notification) {
        print("Value of notification: ", notification.object ?? "")
    }
}

视图控制器B

import UIKit

class ViewControllerB: UIViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        // MARK:Set data for Passing Data through Post Notification
        let objToBeSent = "Test Message from Notification"
        NotificationCenter.default.post(name: Notification.Name("NotificationIdentifier"), object: objToBeSent)
    }
}

---

通过块传递数据：从ViewControllerB到ViewControllerA

步骤1。在ViewControllerB中声明块

var authorizationCompletionBlock:((Bool)->())? = {_ in}

步骤2。在ViewControllerB中设置块中的数据

if authorizationCompletionBlock != nil
{
    authorizationCompletionBlock!(true)
}

步骤3。在ViewControllerA中接收块数据

// Receiver Block
controller!.authorizationCompletionBlock = { isGranted in
    print("Data received from Block is: ", isGranted)
}

以下是完整的代码：

视图控制器A

import UIKit

class ViewControllerA: UIViewController  {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
    }

    // MARK:Method for receiving Data through Block
    override func prepare(for segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: Any?) {
        if (segue.identifier == "showDetailSegue") {
            let controller = segue.destination as? ViewControllerB
            controller?.isSomethingEnabled = true

            // Receiver Block
            controller!.authorizationCompletionBlock = { isGranted in
                print("Data received from Block is: ", isGranted)
            }
        }
    }
}

视图控制器B

import UIKit

class ViewControllerB: UIViewController {

    // MARK: Variable for Passing Data through Block
    var authorizationCompletionBlock:((Bool)->())? = {_ in}

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        // MARK: Set data for Passing Data through Block
        if authorizationCompletionBlock != nil
        {
            authorizationCompletionBlock!(true)
        }
    }
}

你可以在我的GitHub上找到完整的示例应用程序。如果你对此有任何疑问，请告诉我。

MVC中的M代表“模型”，而在MVC范式中，模型类的作用是管理程序的数据。模型与视图相反——视图知道如何显示数据，但它不知道如何处理数据，而模型知道如何使用数据，但不知道如何显示。模型可能很复杂，但不一定如此——应用程序的模型可能与字符串或字典数组一样简单。

控制器的作用是在视图和模型之间进行调解。因此，它们需要对一个或多个视图对象和一个或更多模型对象的引用。假设您的模型是一个字典数组，每个字典代表表中的一行。应用程序的根视图显示该表，它可能负责从文件加载数组。当用户决定向表中添加新行时，他们点击某个按钮，控制器将创建一个新的（可变的）字典并将其添加到数组中。为了填充该行，控制器创建一个详细视图控制器并为其提供新字典。详细视图控制器填充字典并返回。字典已经是模型的一部分，因此不需要发生其他任何事情。