基元类型（数字、字符串等）是通过值传递的，但对象是未知的，因为它们既可以通过值传递（如果我们认为持有对象的变量实际上是对对象的引用），也可以通过引用传递（当我们认为对象的变量持有对象本身）。
虽然最后这并不重要，但我想知道通过约定来表达论点的正确方式是什么。是否有JavaScript规范的摘录，该规范定义了与此相关的语义？
当前回答
在JavaScript中向函数传递参数类似于传递参数（按C中的指针值）：
/*
The following C program demonstrates how arguments
to JavaScript functions are passed in a way analogous
to pass-by-pointer-value in C. The original JavaScript
test case by @Shog9 follows with the translation of
the code into C. This should make things clear to
those transitioning from C to JavaScript.
function changeStuff(num, obj1, obj2)
{
num = num * 10;
obj1.item = "changed";
obj2 = {item: "changed"};
}
var num = 10;
var obj1 = {item: "unchanged"};
var obj2 = {item: "unchanged"};
changeStuff(num, obj1, obj2);
console.log(num);
console.log(obj1.item);
console.log(obj2.item);
This produces the output:
10
changed
unchanged
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct obj {
char *item;
};
void changeStuff(int *num, struct obj *obj1, struct obj *obj2)
{
// make pointer point to a new memory location
// holding the new integer value
int *old_num = num;
num = malloc(sizeof(int));
*num = *old_num * 10;
// make property of structure pointed to by pointer
// point to the new value
obj1->item = "changed";
// make pointer point to a new memory location
// holding the new structure value
obj2 = malloc(sizeof(struct obj));
obj2->item = "changed";
free(num); // end of scope
free(obj2); // end of scope
}
int num = 10;
struct obj obj1 = { "unchanged" };
struct obj obj2 = { "unchanged" };
int main()
{
// pass pointers by value: the pointers
// will be copied into the argument list
// of the called function and the copied
// pointers will point to the same values
// as the original pointers
changeStuff(&num, &obj1, &obj2);
printf("%d\n", num);
puts(obj1.item);
puts(obj2.item);
return 0;
}
其他回答
我发现Undercore.js库的extend方法非常有用，当我想将一个对象作为一个参数传递时，它可以被修改或完全替换。
function replaceOrModify(aObj) {
if (modify) {
aObj.setNewValue('foo');
} else {
var newObj = new MyObject();
// _.extend(destination, *sources)
_.extend(newObj, aObj);
}
}
确定某个对象是否“通过引用传递”的一个简单方法是您是否可以编写“交换”函数。例如，在C中，您可以执行以下操作：
void swap(int *i, int *j)
{
int t;
t = *i;
*i = *j;
*j = t;
}
如果你不能在JavaScript中做到这一点，那就不是“通过引用传递”。
基本体（数字、布尔值等）按值传递。字符串是不可变的，所以对它们来说并不重要。对象通过引用传递（引用通过值传递）。
在JavaScript中向函数传递参数类似于传递参数（按C中的指针值）：
/*
The following C program demonstrates how arguments
to JavaScript functions are passed in a way analogous
to pass-by-pointer-value in C. The original JavaScript
test case by @Shog9 follows with the translation of
the code into C. This should make things clear to
those transitioning from C to JavaScript.
function changeStuff(num, obj1, obj2)
{
num = num * 10;
obj1.item = "changed";
obj2 = {item: "changed"};
}
var num = 10;
var obj1 = {item: "unchanged"};
var obj2 = {item: "unchanged"};
changeStuff(num, obj1, obj2);
console.log(num);
console.log(obj1.item);
console.log(obj2.item);
This produces the output:
10
changed
unchanged
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct obj {
char *item;
};
void changeStuff(int *num, struct obj *obj1, struct obj *obj2)
{
// make pointer point to a new memory location
// holding the new integer value
int *old_num = num;
num = malloc(sizeof(int));
*num = *old_num * 10;
// make property of structure pointed to by pointer
// point to the new value
obj1->item = "changed";
// make pointer point to a new memory location
// holding the new structure value
obj2 = malloc(sizeof(struct obj));
obj2->item = "changed";
free(num); // end of scope
free(obj2); // end of scope
}
int num = 10;
struct obj obj1 = { "unchanged" };
struct obj obj2 = { "unchanged" };
int main()
{
// pass pointers by value: the pointers
// will be copied into the argument list
// of the called function and the copied
// pointers will point to the same values
// as the original pointers
changeStuff(&num, &obj1, &obj2);
printf("%d\n", num);
puts(obj1.item);
puts(obj2.item);
return 0;
}
函数内部的简单值不会改变函数外部的值（通过值传递），而复杂值会（通过引用传递）。
function willNotChange(x) {
x = 1;
}
var x = 1000;
willNotChange(x);
document.write('After function call, x = ' + x + '<br>'); // Still 1000
function willChange(y) {
y.num = 2;
}
var y = {num: 2000};
willChange(y);
document.write('After function call y.num = ' + y.num + '<br>'); // Now 2, not 2000
