变量不“保存”对象；它有一个参考。您可以将该引用分配给另一个变量，现在两者都引用同一个对象。它总是按值传递（即使该值是引用…）。

无法更改作为参数传递的变量所持有的值，如果JavaScript支持通过引用传递，这是可能的。

JavaScript按值传递原语类型，按引用传递对象类型

现在，人们喜欢没完没了地争论是否“通过引用”是描述Java等实际操作的正确方式这是：传递对象不会复制对象。传递给函数的对象可以由该函数修改其成员。传递给函数的基元值不能由该函数修改。复制完成。在我的书中，这叫做通过引用传递。

-Brian Bi-哪些编程语言是通过引用传递的？

使现代化

以下是对此的反驳：

JavaScript中没有可用的“通过引用传递”。

这样想：它总是通过价值传递。然而，对象的值不是对象本身，而是对该对象的引用。

下面是一个例子，传递一个数字（一个原始类型）

function changePrimitive(val) {
    // At this point there are two '10's in memory.
    // Changing one won't affect the other
    val = val * 10;
}
var x = 10;
changePrimitive(x);
// x === 10

对对象重复此操作会产生不同的结果：

function changeObject(obj) {
    // At this point there are two references (x and obj) in memory,
    // but these both point to the same object.
    // changing the object will change the underlying object that
    // x and obj both hold a reference to.
    obj.val = obj.val * 10;
}
var x = { val: 10 };
changeObject(x);
// x === { val: 100 }

再举一个例子：

function changeObject(obj) {
    // Again there are two references (x and obj) in memory,
    // these both point to the same object.
    // now we create a completely new object and assign it.
    // obj's reference now points to the new object.
    // x's reference doesn't change.
    obj = { val: 100 };
}
var x = { val: 10 };
changeObject(x);
// x === { val: 10}

这里有一些关于JavaScript中使用术语“通过引用传递”的讨论，但要回答您的问题：

对象通过引用自动传递，无需特别声明

（摘自上述文章。）

在JavaScript中向函数传递参数类似于传递参数（按C中的指针值）：

/*
The following C program demonstrates how arguments
to JavaScript functions are passed in a way analogous
to pass-by-pointer-value in C. The original JavaScript
test case by @Shog9 follows with the translation of
the code into C. This should make things clear to
those transitioning from C to JavaScript.

function changeStuff(num, obj1, obj2)
{
    num = num * 10;
    obj1.item = "changed";
    obj2 = {item: "changed"};
}

var num = 10;
var obj1 = {item: "unchanged"};
var obj2 = {item: "unchanged"};
changeStuff(num, obj1, obj2);
console.log(num);
console.log(obj1.item);    
console.log(obj2.item);

This produces the output:

10
changed
unchanged
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct obj {
    char *item;
};

void changeStuff(int *num, struct obj *obj1, struct obj *obj2)
{
    // make pointer point to a new memory location
    // holding the new integer value
    int *old_num = num;
    num = malloc(sizeof(int));
    *num = *old_num * 10;
    // make property of structure pointed to by pointer
    // point to the new value
    obj1->item = "changed";
    // make pointer point to a new memory location
    // holding the new structure value
    obj2 = malloc(sizeof(struct obj));
    obj2->item = "changed";
    free(num); // end of scope
    free(obj2); // end of scope
}

int num = 10;
struct obj obj1 = { "unchanged" };
struct obj obj2 = { "unchanged" };

int main()
{
    // pass pointers by value: the pointers
    // will be copied into the argument list
    // of the called function and the copied
    // pointers will point to the same values
    // as the original pointers
    changeStuff(&num, &obj1, &obj2);
    printf("%d\n", num);
    puts(obj1.item);
    puts(obj2.item);
    return 0;
}

我在AirBNB风格指南中找到了最简洁的解释：

基本体：访问基本体类型时，直接处理其价值一串数字布尔型无效的未定义

例如。：

var foo = 1,
    bar = foo;

bar = 9;

console.log(foo, bar); // => 1, 9

复杂：访问复杂类型时，需要处理对其值的引用对象大堆作用

例如。：

var foo = [1, 2],
    bar = foo;

bar[0] = 9;

console.log(foo[0], bar[0]); // => 9, 9

也就是说，基本类型是通过值传递的，复杂类型是通过引用传递的。