考虑以下场景：
我在自己的Git repo中开发了一个小型实验项目a。它现在已经成熟，我希望A成为更大的项目B的一部分，该项目有自己的大仓库。现在我想将A添加为B的子目录。
我如何将A合并为B，而不丢失任何方面的历史？
当前回答
谷歌有一个Copybara工具，用于更复杂的用例-https://github.com/google/copybara
其他回答
除了使用远程add->fetch->merge策略的所有答案之外：如果您想保留其他存储库中的标记，但不想将它们全部泄漏到一个公共命名空间中（可能会发生冲突），您可能需要稍微更改fetch命令：
git fetch --no-tags other_repo
git fetch --no-tags other_repo 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/other_repo/*'
第一个命令像往常一样获取所有分支，但省略了附加到提交的标记，第二个命令也省略了通常的标记获取机制（git help fetch了解更多信息），并使用git的refspec功能获取将它们从X映射到other_repo/X的所有标记。
引用（分支、标记）只是git中的文件，您可以使用目录来命名。上面的两个命令将保留第一个存储库中的标记，而另一个存储库的标记将以other_repo作为前缀/
操作完成后，最好移除另一个遥控器，这样您就不会意外地以正常方式获取标签并造成混乱。
我想把一个小项目移到一个大项目的子目录中。由于我的小项目没有很多提交，所以我使用了git格式的patch--output directory/path/to/patch dir。然后在更大的项目中，我使用了git-am-directory=dir/in/project/path/to/patch-dir/*。
这感觉比过滤器分支不那么可怕，也更干净。当然，它可能不适用于所有情况。
如果您想将来自存储库B分支的文件放在存储库a的子树中，并保留历史记录，请继续阅读。（在下面的示例中，我假设我们希望回购协议B的主分支合并为回购协议A的主分支。）
在回购协议A中，首先执行以下操作以使回购协议B可用：
git remote add B ../B # Add repo B as a new remote.
git fetch B
现在我们在回购a中创建了一个全新的分支（只有一个提交），我们称之为new_b_root。生成的提交将包含在repo B的主分支的第一次提交中提交的文件，但这些文件放在名为path/to/B-files/的子目录中。
git checkout --orphan new_b_root master
git rm -rf . # Remove all files.
git cherry-pick -n `git rev-list --max-parents=0 B/master`
mkdir -p path/to/b-files
git mv README path/to/b-files/
git commit --date="$(git log --format='%ai' $(git rev-list --max-parents=0 B/master))"
解释：checkout命令的--孤儿选项从A的主分支检出文件，但不创建任何提交。我们可以选择任何提交，因为接下来我们无论如何都要清除所有文件。然后，在尚未提交（-n）的情况下，我们从B的主分支中选择第一个提交。（cherry pick保留了原始的提交消息，而直接签出似乎无法做到这一点。）然后我们创建一个子树，将所有来自repo B的文件放在那里。然后我们必须将cherry stick中引入的所有文件移动到子树中。在上面的示例中，只有一个README文件可以移动。然后我们提交B-repo根提交，同时，我们还保留原始提交的时间戳。
现在，我们将在新创建的new_B_root上创建一个新的B/master分支。我们称新分支为b：
git checkout -b b B/master
git rebase -s recursive -Xsubtree=path/to/b-files/ new_b_root
现在，我们将b分支合并为A/master：
git checkout master
git merge --allow-unrelated-histories --no-commit b
git commit -m 'Merge repo B into repo A.'
最后，您可以删除B个远程和临时分支：
git remote remove B
git branch -D new_b_root b
最终图形的结构如下：
如果您想单独维护项目，子模块方法是很好的。然而，如果您真的想将两个项目合并到同一个存储库中，那么您还有更多的工作要做。
第一件事是使用gitfilter分支将第二个存储库中所有内容的名称重写到您希望它们结束的子目录中。因此，您将使用projb/foo.c和projb/bar.html代替foo.c和bar.html。
然后，您应该能够执行以下操作：
git remote add projb [wherever]
git pull projb
git pull将执行git fetch，然后执行git merge。如果您要拉到的存储库还没有projb/目录，那么应该不会有冲突。
进一步搜索表明，在将gitk合并为git时也做了类似的操作。Junio C Hamano在这里写道：http://www.mail-archive.com/git@vger.kernel.org/msg03395.html
我在这里收集了很多关于StackOverFlow等的信息，并设法编写了一个脚本，为我解决了这个问题。
需要注意的是，它只考虑每个存储库的“开发”分支，并将其合并到一个全新存储库中的单独目录中。
标记和其他分支被忽略-这可能不是您想要的。
该脚本甚至处理功能分支和标记-在新项目中重命名它们，以便您知道它们来自何处。
#!/bin/bash
#
################################################################################
## Script to merge multiple git repositories into a new repository
## - The new repository will contain a folder for every merged repository
## - The script adds remotes for every project and then merges in every branch
## and tag. These are renamed to have the origin project name as a prefix
##
## Usage: mergeGitRepositories.sh <new_project> <my_repo_urls.lst>
## - where <new_project> is the name of the new project to create
## - and <my_repo_urls.lst> is a file contaning the URLs to the respositories
## which are to be merged on separate lines.
##
## Author: Robert von Burg
## eitch@eitchnet.ch
##
## Version: 0.3.2
## Created: 2018-02-05
##
################################################################################
#
# disallow using undefined variables
shopt -s -o nounset
# Script variables
declare SCRIPT_NAME="${0##*/}"
declare SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd ${0%/*} ; pwd)"
declare ROOT_DIR="$PWD"
IFS=$'\n'
# Detect proper usage
if [ "$#" -ne "2" ] ; then
echo -e "ERROR: Usage: $0 <new_project> <my_repo_urls.lst>"
exit 1
fi
## Script variables
PROJECT_NAME="${1}"
PROJECT_PATH="${ROOT_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}"
TIMESTAMP="$(date +%s)"
LOG_FILE="${ROOT_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}_merge.${TIMESTAMP}.log"
REPO_FILE="${2}"
REPO_URL_FILE="${ROOT_DIR}/${REPO_FILE}"
# Script functions
function failed() {
echo -e "ERROR: Merging of projects failed:"
echo -e "ERROR: Merging of projects failed:" >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
echo -e "$1"
exit 1
}
function commit_merge() {
current_branch="$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
if [[ ! -f ".git/MERGE_HEAD" ]] ; then
echo -e "INFO: No commit required."
echo -e "INFO: No commit required." >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
else
echo -e "INFO: Committing ${sub_project}..."
echo -e "INFO: Committing ${sub_project}..." >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
if ! git commit -m "[Project] Merged branch '$1' of ${sub_project}" >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1 ; then
failed "Failed to commit merge of branch '$1' of ${sub_project} into ${current_branch}"
fi
fi
}
# Make sure the REPO_URL_FILE exists
if [ ! -e "${REPO_URL_FILE}" ] ; then
echo -e "ERROR: Repo file ${REPO_URL_FILE} does not exist!"
exit 1
fi
# Make sure the required directories don't exist
if [ -e "${PROJECT_PATH}" ] ; then
echo -e "ERROR: Project ${PROJECT_NAME} already exists!"
exit 1
fi
# create the new project
echo -e "INFO: Logging to ${LOG_FILE}"
echo -e "INFO: Creating new git repository ${PROJECT_NAME}..."
echo -e "INFO: Creating new git repository ${PROJECT_NAME}..." >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
echo -e "===================================================="
echo -e "====================================================" >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
cd ${ROOT_DIR}
mkdir ${PROJECT_NAME}
cd ${PROJECT_NAME}
git init
echo "Initial Commit" > initial_commit
# Since this is a new repository we need to have at least one commit
# thus were we create temporary file, but we delete it again.
# Deleting it guarantees we don't have conflicts later when merging
git add initial_commit
git commit --quiet -m "[Project] Initial Master Repo Commit"
git rm --quiet initial_commit
git commit --quiet -m "[Project] Initial Master Repo Commit"
echo
# Merge all projects into the branches of this project
echo -e "INFO: Merging projects into new repository..."
echo -e "INFO: Merging projects into new repository..." >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
echo -e "===================================================="
echo -e "====================================================" >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
for url in $(cat ${REPO_URL_FILE}) ; do
if [[ "${url:0:1}" == '#' ]] ; then
continue
fi
# extract the name of this project
export sub_project=${url##*/}
sub_project=${sub_project%*.git}
echo -e "INFO: Project ${sub_project}"
echo -e "INFO: Project ${sub_project}" >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
echo -e "----------------------------------------------------"
echo -e "----------------------------------------------------" >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
# Fetch the project
echo -e "INFO: Fetching ${sub_project}..."
echo -e "INFO: Fetching ${sub_project}..." >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
git remote add "${sub_project}" "${url}"
if ! git fetch --tags --quiet ${sub_project} >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1 ; then
failed "Failed to fetch project ${sub_project}"
fi
# add remote branches
echo -e "INFO: Creating local branches for ${sub_project}..."
echo -e "INFO: Creating local branches for ${sub_project}..." >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
while read branch ; do
branch_ref=$(echo $branch | tr " " "\t" | cut -f 1)
branch_name=$(echo $branch | tr " " "\t" | cut -f 2 | cut -d / -f 3-)
echo -e "INFO: Creating branch ${branch_name}..."
echo -e "INFO: Creating branch ${branch_name}..." >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
# create and checkout new merge branch off of master
if ! git checkout -b "${sub_project}/${branch_name}" master >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1 ; then failed "Failed preparing ${branch_name}" ; fi
if ! git reset --hard ; then failed "Failed preparing ${branch_name}" >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1 ; fi
if ! git clean -d --force ; then failed "Failed preparing ${branch_name}" >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1 ; fi
# Merge the project
echo -e "INFO: Merging ${sub_project}..."
echo -e "INFO: Merging ${sub_project}..." >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
if ! git merge --allow-unrelated-histories --no-commit "remotes/${sub_project}/${branch_name}" >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1 ; then
failed "Failed to merge branch 'remotes/${sub_project}/${branch_name}' from ${sub_project}"
fi
# And now see if we need to commit (maybe there was a merge)
commit_merge "${sub_project}/${branch_name}"
# relocate projects files into own directory
if [ "$(ls)" == "${sub_project}" ] ; then
echo -e "WARN: Not moving files in branch ${branch_name} of ${sub_project} as already only one root level."
echo -e "WARN: Not moving files in branch ${branch_name} of ${sub_project} as already only one root level." >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
else
echo -e "INFO: Moving files in branch ${branch_name} of ${sub_project} so we have a single directory..."
echo -e "INFO: Moving files in branch ${branch_name} of ${sub_project} so we have a single directory..." >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
mkdir ${sub_project}
for f in $(ls -a) ; do
if [[ "$f" == "${sub_project}" ]] ||
[[ "$f" == "." ]] ||
[[ "$f" == ".." ]] ; then
continue
fi
git mv -k "$f" "${sub_project}/"
done
# commit the moving
if ! git commit --quiet -m "[Project] Move ${sub_project} files into sub directory" ; then
failed "Failed to commit moving of ${sub_project} files into sub directory"
fi
fi
echo
done < <(git ls-remote --heads ${sub_project})
# checkout master of sub probject
if ! git checkout "${sub_project}/master" >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1 ; then
failed "sub_project ${sub_project} is missing master branch!"
fi
# copy remote tags
echo -e "INFO: Copying tags for ${sub_project}..."
echo -e "INFO: Copying tags for ${sub_project}..." >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
while read tag ; do
tag_ref=$(echo $tag | tr " " "\t" | cut -f 1)
tag_name_unfixed=$(echo $tag | tr " " "\t" | cut -f 2 | cut -d / -f 3)
# hack for broken tag names where they are like 1.2.0^{} instead of just 1.2.0
tag_name="${tag_name_unfixed%%^*}"
tag_new_name="${sub_project}/${tag_name}"
echo -e "INFO: Copying tag ${tag_name_unfixed} to ${tag_new_name} for ref ${tag_ref}..."
echo -e "INFO: Copying tag ${tag_name_unfixed} to ${tag_new_name} for ref ${tag_ref}..." >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
if ! git tag "${tag_new_name}" "${tag_ref}" >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1 ; then
echo -e "WARN: Could not copy tag ${tag_name_unfixed} to ${tag_new_name} for ref ${tag_ref}"
echo -e "WARN: Could not copy tag ${tag_name_unfixed} to ${tag_new_name} for ref ${tag_ref}" >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
fi
done < <(git ls-remote --tags --refs ${sub_project})
# Remove the remote to the old project
echo -e "INFO: Removing remote ${sub_project}..."
echo -e "INFO: Removing remote ${sub_project}..." >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
git remote rm ${sub_project}
echo
done
# Now merge all project master branches into new master
git checkout --quiet master
echo -e "INFO: Merging projects master branches into new repository..."
echo -e "INFO: Merging projects master branches into new repository..." >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
echo -e "===================================================="
echo -e "====================================================" >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
for url in $(cat ${REPO_URL_FILE}) ; do
if [[ ${url:0:1} == '#' ]] ; then
continue
fi
# extract the name of this project
export sub_project=${url##*/}
sub_project=${sub_project%*.git}
echo -e "INFO: Merging ${sub_project}..."
echo -e "INFO: Merging ${sub_project}..." >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
if ! git merge --allow-unrelated-histories --no-commit "${sub_project}/master" >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1 ; then
failed "Failed to merge branch ${sub_project}/master into master"
fi
# And now see if we need to commit (maybe there was a merge)
commit_merge "${sub_project}/master"
echo
done
# Done
cd ${ROOT_DIR}
echo -e "INFO: Done."
echo -e "INFO: Done." >>${LOG_FILE} 2>&1
echo
exit 0
你也可以从http://paste.ubuntu.com/11732805
首先创建一个包含每个存储库URL的文件，例如：
git@github.com:eitchnet/ch.eitchnet.parent.git
git@github.com:eitchnet/ch.eitchnet.utils.git
git@github.com:eitchnet/ch.eitchnet.privilege.git
然后调用脚本，给出项目名称和脚本路径：
./mergeGitRepositories.sh eitchnet_test eitchnet.lst
脚本本身有很多注释，应该可以解释它的作用。
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