Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
    toolbar.setNavigationIcon(R.drawable.back_arrow); // your drawable
    toolbar.setNavigationOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            onBackPressed(); // Implemented by activity
        }
    });

21+ android:navigationIcon

<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
    android:navigationIcon="@drawable/back_arrow"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"/>

在Kotlin是这样的

private fun setupToolbar(){
    toolbar.title = getString(R.string.YOUR_TITLE)
    setSupportActionBar(toolbar)
    supportActionBar?.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true)
    supportActionBar?.setDisplayShowHomeEnabled(true)
}

// don't forget click listener for back button
override fun onSupportNavigateUp(): Boolean {
    onBackPressed()
    return true
}

将此添加到activity的布局文件夹中的xml:

<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:theme="@style/AppTheme.AppBarOverlay">
    <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
        android:id="@+id/prod_toolbar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
        android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
        app:popupTheme="@style/AppTheme.PopupOverlay" />
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>

使工具栏可点击，添加这些到onCreate方法:

Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.prod_toolbar);
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
getSupportActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
getSupportActionBar().setDisplayShowHomeEnabled(true);
toolbar.setNavigationOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        finish();
    }
});

效果很好

public class BackButton extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.chat_box);
        Toolbar chatbox_toolbar=(Toolbar)findViewById(R.id.chat_box_toolbar);
        chatbox_toolbar.setTitle("Demo Back Button");
        chatbox_toolbar.setTitleTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.white));
        setSupportActionBar(chatbox_toolbar);
        getSupportActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
        getSupportActionBar().setDisplayShowHomeEnabled(true);
        chatbox_toolbar.setNavigationOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {

                //Define Back Button Function
            }
        });
    }
}

如果你想快速简单地处理问题，请遵循以下3个步骤:

将文件ic_arrow.xml添加到Drawable文件夹，并添加下面的代码(将下面的代码添加到ic_arrow.xml中)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:width="24dp"
android:height="24dp"
android:tint="@color/black"
android:viewportWidth="24"
android:viewportHeight="24"
tools:ignore="ExtraText">
<path
    android:fillColor="@android:color/white"
    android:pathData="M20,11H7.83l5.59,-5.59L12,4l-8,8 8,8 1.41,-1.41L7.83,13H20v-2z" />
</vector>

将ImageButton添加到工具栏(确保工具栏是自定义的，而不是标题栏或状态栏)-如果你想，你可以自定义ImageButton(箭头按钮)的位置

<ImageButton
android:id="@+id/arrow"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:src="@drawable/ic_arrow"
android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
android:layout_marginStart="15dp"
android:background="@android:color/transparent"
tools:ignore="ContentDescription" />

将setArrowButton方法添加到DetailActivity.java(或任何你需要的xxxActivity.java)

public class DetailActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    ImageButton arrowButton;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_detail);

    arrowButton = findViewById(R.id.arrow);

    setArrowButton(arrowButton);
}

public void setArrowButton(ImageButton arrowButton) {
    arrowButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View view) {
            finish(); //will close the moment activity and return to 
                      //the last activity
        }
    });
   }
}

Done

关于arrowButton的预览

首先，你需要初始化工具栏:

Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);

然后从操作栏调用后退按钮:

getSupportActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
getSupportActionBar().setDisplayShowHomeEnabled(true);

@Override
public boolean onSupportNavigateUp() {
    onBackPressed();
    return true;
}