变量obj={name:“西蒙”,年龄:“20”,服装:{style:“简单”,嬉皮士:假}}for(obj中的var propt){console.log(propt+':'+obj[propt]);}

变量propt如何表示对象的财产?它不是内置方法或属性。为什么它会产生对象中的每个属性?


当前回答

为何在循环中,它创建了一个新变量(varsomeVariable),然后将给定对象的每个属性逐一存储在这个新变量(someVariable)中。因此,如果使用块{},则可以进行迭代。考虑以下示例。

var obj = {
     name:'raman',
     hobby:'coding',
     planet:'earth'
     };

for(var someVariable in obj) {
  //do nothing..
}

console.log(someVariable); // outputs planet

其他回答

这是为了。。。in语句(MDN、ECMAScript规范)。

您可以将其读为“对于obj对象中的每个属性,依次将每个属性分配给PROPT变量”。

迭代财产需要额外的hasOwnProperty检查:

for (var prop in obj) {
    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, prop)) {
        // do stuff
    }
}

这是必要的,因为对象的原型包含对象的附加财产,这些属性在技术上是对象的一部分。这些附加的财产继承自基本对象类,但仍然是obj的财产。

hasOwnProperty只是检查这是否是该类特有的属性,而不是从基类继承的属性。


也可以通过对象本身调用hasOwnProperty:

if (obj.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
    // do stuff
}

但如果对象具有同名的不相关字段,则此操作将失败:

var obj = { foo: 42, hasOwnProperty: 'lol' };
obj.hasOwnProperty('foo');  // TypeError: hasOwnProperty is not a function

这就是为什么通过Object.prototype调用它更安全的原因:

var obj = { foo: 42, hasOwnProperty: 'lol' };
Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, 'foo');  // true
let obj = {"a": 3, "b": 2, "6": "a"}

Object.keys(obj).forEach((item) => {console.log("item", obj[item])})

// a
// 3
// 2
if (typeof obj === 'object' && obj !== null) {
    Object.keys(obj).forEach(key => {
        console.log("\n" + key + ": " + obj[key]);
    });
}

// *** Explanation line by line ***

// Explaining the bellow line
// It checks if obj is neither null nor undefined, which means it's safe to get its keys. 
// Otherwise it will give you a "TypeError: Cannot convert undefined or null to object" if obj is null or undefined.
// NOTE 1: You can use Object.hasOwnProperty() instead of Object.keys(obj).length
// NOTE 2: No need to check if obj is an array because it will work just fine.
// NOTE 3: No need to check if obj is a string because it will not pass the 'if typeof obj is Object' statement.
// NOTE 4: No need to check if Obj is undefined because it will not pass the 'if type obj is Object' statement either.
if (typeof obj === 'object' && obj !== null) {

    // Explaining the bellow line
    // Just like in the previous line, this returns an array with
    // all keys in obj (because if code execution got here, it means 
    // obj has keys.) 
    // Then just invoke built-in javascript forEach() to loop
    // over each key in returned array and calls a call back function 
    // on each array element (key), using ES6 arrow function (=>)
    // Or you can just use a normal function ((key) { blah blah }).
    Object.keys(obj).forEach(key => {

        // The bellow line prints out all keys with their 
        // respective value in obj.
        // key comes from the returned array in Object.keys(obj)
        // obj[key] returns the value of key in obj
        console.log("\n" + key + ": " + obj[key]);
    });
}

虽然最高评级的答案是正确的,但这里有一个备用用例,即如果您正在迭代一个对象,并希望最终创建一个数组。使用.map而不是forEach

const newObj = Object.keys(obj).map(el => {
    //ell will hold keys 
   // Getting the value of the keys should be as simple as obj[el]
})