想想这样的情况，

You have a database with data. There are a number of different applications needed to access that central database, and in the future some new applications too. If you are going to insert the inline database queries to access the central database, inside each application's code individually, then probably you have to duplicate the same query again and again inside different applications' code. In that kind of a situation, you can use stored procedures (SPs). With stored procedures, you are writing number of common queries (procedures) and store them with the central database. Now the duplication of work will never happen as before and the data access and the maintenance will be done centrally.

注意:

In the above situation, you may wonder "Why cannot we introduce a central data access server to interact with all the applications? Yes. That will be a possible alternative. But, The main advantage with SPs over that approach is, unlike your data-access-code with inline queries, SPs are pre-compiled statements, so they will execute faster. And communication costs (over networks) will be at a minimum. Opposite to that, SPs will add some more load to the database server. If that would be a concern according to the situation, a centralized data access server with inline queries will be a better choice.

在DBMS中，存储过程是一组具有指定名称的SQL语句，这些SQL语句以编译后的形式存储在数据库中，这样就可以由许多程序共享。

存储过程的使用在

提供对数据的受控访问(最终用户只能输入或更改数据，但不能编写过程) 确保数据完整性(数据将以一致的方式输入)和 提高工作效率(存储过程的语句只需编写一次)

对于简单的,

存储过程是存储程序，存储在数据库中的程序或函数。

每个存储的程序都包含一个由SQL语句组成的主体。该语句可以是由几个用分号(;)分隔的语句组成的复合语句。

CREATE PROCEDURE dorepeat(p1 INT)
BEGIN
  SET @x = 0;
  REPEAT SET @x = @x + 1; UNTIL @x > p1 END REPEAT;
END;

存储过程是一组已创建并存储在数据库中的SQL语句。存储过程将接受输入参数，以便多个使用不同输入数据的客户端可以通过网络使用单个过程。存储过程可以减少网络流量并提高性能。如果我们修改一个存储过程，所有的客户端都将得到更新后的存储过程。

创建存储过程的示例

CREATE PROCEDURE test_display
AS
    SELECT FirstName, LastName
    FROM tb_test;

EXEC test_display;

使用存储过程的优点

A stored procedure allows modular programming. You can create the procedure once, store it in the database, and call it any number of times in your program. A stored procedure allows faster execution. If the operation requires a large amount of SQL code that is performed repetitively, stored procedures can be faster. They are parsed and optimized when they are first executed, and a compiled version of the stored procedure remains in a memory cache for later use. This means the stored procedure does not need to be reparsed and reoptimized with each use, resulting in much faster execution times. A stored procedure can reduce network traffic. An operation requiring hundreds of lines of Transact-SQL code can be performed through a single statement that executes the code in a procedure, rather than by sending hundreds of lines of code over the network. Stored procedures provide better security to your data Users can be granted permission to execute a stored procedure even if they do not have permission to execute the procedure's statements directly. In SQL Server we have different types of stored procedures: System stored procedures User-defined stored procedures Extended stored Procedures System-stored procedures are stored in the master database and these start with a sp_ prefix. These procedures can be used to perform a variety of tasks to support SQL Server functions for external application calls in the system tables Example: sp_helptext [StoredProcedure_Name] User-defined stored procedures are usually stored in a user database and are typically designed to complete the tasks in the user database. While coding these procedures don’t use the sp_ prefix because if we use the sp_ prefix first, it will check the master database, and then it comes to user defined database. Extended stored procedures are the procedures that call functions from DLL files. Nowadays, extended stored procedures are deprecated for the reason it would be better to avoid using extended stored procedures.

存储过程不过是编译成单个执行计划的一组SQL语句。

创建一次，调用n次 减少网络流量

示例:创建存储过程

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE GetEmployee
      @EmployeeID int = 0
AS
BEGIN
      SET NOCOUNT ON;

      SELECT FirstName, LastName, BirthDate, City, Country
      FROM Employees 
      WHERE EmployeeID = @EmployeeID
END
GO

更改或修改存储过程:

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

ALTER PROCEDURE GetEmployee
      @EmployeeID int = 0
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;

    SELECT FirstName, LastName, BirthDate, City, Country
    FROM Employees 
    WHERE EmployeeID = @EmployeeID
END
GO

删除存储过程:

DROP PROCEDURE GetEmployee

存储过程是SQL语句和过程逻辑的命名集合，即编译、验证并存储在服务器数据库中。存储过程通常被视为其他数据库对象，并通过服务器安全机制进行控制。