我有一个同事，他坚持认为他的代码不需要注释，这是“自文档”。
我已经审阅了他的代码，虽然它比我看到的其他人编写的代码更清晰，但我仍然不同意自文档化代码与经过注释和文档化的代码一样完整和有用。
帮我理解一下他的观点。
什么是自文档代码 它真的能取代注释良好和文档化的代码吗 在某些情况下，它是否比有良好文档和注释的代码更好 是否存在代码不可能在没有注释的情况下自文档化的例子
也许这只是我自身的局限性，但我看不出这怎么能成为一种好的练习。
这并不是一个争论——请不要提出为什么注释良好并有文档记录的代码是高优先级的原因——有很多资源都表明了这一点，但它们对我的同行来说并没有说服力。我认为我需要更全面地了解他的观点，才能说服他。如果你有必要，可以提出一个新的问题，但不要在这里争论。
另外，那些反对自我记录代码的人——这主要是为了帮助我理解自我记录代码传播者的观点(即积极的方面)。
当前回答
Self documenting code is code that is trivially easy to understand. Variable naming goes a long way to making code self documenting, but i find the best tactic is to break any complicated logic down into tiny little chunks and refactor that information into seperate methods with verbose and informative names. Then your complicated methods become simply a list of steps to be performed. The tiny private helper methods then are documented sufficiently by their own method name and the complicated methods are documented as a sequence of abstract steps to be performed. In practice this strategy cannot always be applied perfectly so comments are still very useful. Plus you should never completely abandon any tool which will help you write code that is easier to understand.
其他回答
我认为——就像你们中的许多人一样——要真正实现自文档化，代码需要显示某种形式的意图。但是我很惊讶没有人提到BDD——行为驱动开发。这个想法的一部分是，你有自动化的测试(代码)来解释你的代码的意图，这是很难明显的。
Good domain modeling + good names (variabes, methods, classes) + code examples (unit tests from use cases) = self documenting software
自文档代码是一个很容易解决的问题，随着时间的推移，代码、注释和文档会出现分歧。编写清晰的代码也是一个约束因素(如果你对自己有那么严格的话)。
对我来说，以下是我努力遵循的规则:
Code should be as easy and clear to read as possible. Comments should give reasons for design decisions I took, like: why do I use this algorithm, or limitations the code has, like: does not work when ... (this should be handled in a contract/assertion in the code) (usually within the function/procedure). Documentation should list usage (calling converntions), side effects, possible return values. It can be extracted from code using tools like jDoc or xmlDoc. It therefore usually is outside the function/procedure, but close to the code it describes.
这意味着所有三种记录代码的方法都很接近，因此更有可能在代码更改时被更改，但它们所表达的内容并不重叠。
Self documenting code is code that is trivially easy to understand. Variable naming goes a long way to making code self documenting, but i find the best tactic is to break any complicated logic down into tiny little chunks and refactor that information into seperate methods with verbose and informative names. Then your complicated methods become simply a list of steps to be performed. The tiny private helper methods then are documented sufficiently by their own method name and the complicated methods are documented as a sequence of abstract steps to be performed. In practice this strategy cannot always be applied perfectly so comments are still very useful. Plus you should never completely abandon any tool which will help you write code that is easier to understand.
区别在于“什么”和“如何”。
您应该记录一个例程做了什么。 你不应该记录它是如何做到的，除非特殊情况(例如，参考一篇特定的算法论文)。这应该是自我记录的。
当你阅读“自文档代码”时， 你看它在做什么， 但你不能总是猜测它为什么会以那种特定的方式运行。
有大量的非编程约束 比如业务逻辑、安全性、用户需求等。
当您进行维护时，这些背景信息变得非常重要。
只是我的一小撮盐……
