对于Debian发行版，你必须:

编辑文件~/.bashrc。例如:vim ~/.bashrc add export PATH=$PATH:/ PATH /to/dir 然后重新启动计算机。注意，如果编辑文件~/. .Bashrc作为根，您添加的环境变量将只对根有效

可以通过两种方式永久设置$PATH。

设置指定用户的路径。 您可能需要在用户的主目录中的.bash_profile文件中创建条目。 例如，在我的情况下，我会在Tomcat用户配置文件*中设置java路径 echo "export PATH=$PATH:/ PATH /to/dir" >> /home/tomcat/.bash_profile . sh /home/tomcat/.bash_profile . sh 要为所有系统用户设置一个公共路径，可能需要这样设置: echo "export PATH=$PATH:/ PATH /to/dir" >> /etc/profile . sh /etc/profile . sh

您可以将这一行添加到控制台配置文件(例如，.bashrc或.profile)。

添加永久路径的一种方法是:

cd /etc/profile.d
touch custom.sh
vi custom.sh 
export PATH=$PATH:/path according to your setting/

重启你的电脑，开始吧;路径将永远存在。

可以通过以下命令直接添加:

echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/new/directory' >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc

有很多种方法。实际的解决方案取决于目的。

变量值通常存储在赋值列表中或在系统或用户会话开始时运行的shell脚本中。对于shell脚本，您必须使用特定的shell语法和导出或设置命令。

系统范围

/etc/environment List of unique assignments. Allows references. Perfect for adding system-wide directories like /usr/local/something/bin to PATH variable or defining JAVA_HOME. Used by PAM and systemd. /etc/environment.d/*.conf List of unique assignments. Allows references. Perfect for adding system-wide directories like /usr/local/something/bin to PATH variable or defining JAVA_HOME. The configuration can be split into multiple files, usually one per each tool (Java, Go, and Node.js). Used by systemd that by design do not pass those values to user login shells. /etc/xprofile Shell script executed while starting X Window System session. This is run for every user that logs into X Window System. It is a good choice for PATH entries that are valid for every user like /usr/local/something/bin. The file is included by other script so use POSIX shell syntax not the syntax of your user shell. /etc/profile and /etc/profile.d/* Shell script. This is a good choice for shell-only systems. Those files are read only by shells in login mode. /etc/<shell>.<shell>rc. Shell script. This is a poor choice because it is single shell specific. Used in non-login mode.

用户会话

~/.pam_environment. List of unique assignments, no references allowed. Loaded by PAM at the start of every user session irrelevant if it is an X Window System session or shell. You cannot reference other variables including HOME or PATH so it has limited use. Used by PAM. ~/.xprofile Shell script. This is executed when the user logs into X Window System system. The variables defined here are visible to every X application. Perfect choice for extending PATH with values such as ~/bin or ~/go/bin or defining user specific GOPATH or NPM_HOME. The file is included by other script so use POSIX shell syntax not the syntax of your user shell. Your graphical text editor or IDE started by shortcut will see those values. ~/.profile, ~/.<shell>_profile, ~/.<shell>_login Shell script. It will be visible only for programs started from terminal or terminal emulator. It is a good choice for shell-only systems. Used by shells in login mode. ~/.<shell>rc. Shell script. This is a poor choice because it is single shell specific. Used by shells in non-login mode.

笔记

Wayland上的GNOME启动一个用户登录shell来获取环境。它有效地使用登录shell配置~/。简介~ /。<壳> _profile ~ /。<壳> _login文件。

手册页

环境 环境。d https://linux.die.net/man/1/environment.d bash 破折号

特定的文档

Ubuntu Arch Linux

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登录Shell和非登录Shell的区别?