对于Bash，可以将导出声明放在~/.bashrc中。例如，我的.bashrc包含这一行:

export PATH=/var/lib/gems/1.8/bin:/home/ash/.bin:$PATH

可以通过两种方式永久设置$PATH。

设置指定用户的路径。 您可能需要在用户的主目录中的.bash_profile文件中创建条目。 例如，在我的情况下，我会在Tomcat用户配置文件*中设置java路径 echo "export PATH=$PATH:/ PATH /to/dir" >> /home/tomcat/.bash_profile . sh /home/tomcat/.bash_profile . sh 要为所有系统用户设置一个公共路径，可能需要这样设置: echo "export PATH=$PATH:/ PATH /to/dir" >> /etc/profile . sh /etc/profile . sh

添加导出命令的文件取决于您是处于登录模式还是非登录模式。

如果您处于登录模式，您要查找的文件是/etc/bash或/etc/bash.bashrc。

如果处于非登录模式，则要查找文件/。Profile或/.profiles.d目录下的文件

上面提到的文件就是系统变量所在的地方。

有很多种方法。实际的解决方案取决于目的。

变量值通常存储在赋值列表中或在系统或用户会话开始时运行的shell脚本中。对于shell脚本，您必须使用特定的shell语法和导出或设置命令。

系统范围

/etc/environment List of unique assignments. Allows references. Perfect for adding system-wide directories like /usr/local/something/bin to PATH variable or defining JAVA_HOME. Used by PAM and systemd. /etc/environment.d/*.conf List of unique assignments. Allows references. Perfect for adding system-wide directories like /usr/local/something/bin to PATH variable or defining JAVA_HOME. The configuration can be split into multiple files, usually one per each tool (Java, Go, and Node.js). Used by systemd that by design do not pass those values to user login shells. /etc/xprofile Shell script executed while starting X Window System session. This is run for every user that logs into X Window System. It is a good choice for PATH entries that are valid for every user like /usr/local/something/bin. The file is included by other script so use POSIX shell syntax not the syntax of your user shell. /etc/profile and /etc/profile.d/* Shell script. This is a good choice for shell-only systems. Those files are read only by shells in login mode. /etc/<shell>.<shell>rc. Shell script. This is a poor choice because it is single shell specific. Used in non-login mode.

用户会话

~/.pam_environment. List of unique assignments, no references allowed. Loaded by PAM at the start of every user session irrelevant if it is an X Window System session or shell. You cannot reference other variables including HOME or PATH so it has limited use. Used by PAM. ~/.xprofile Shell script. This is executed when the user logs into X Window System system. The variables defined here are visible to every X application. Perfect choice for extending PATH with values such as ~/bin or ~/go/bin or defining user specific GOPATH or NPM_HOME. The file is included by other script so use POSIX shell syntax not the syntax of your user shell. Your graphical text editor or IDE started by shortcut will see those values. ~/.profile, ~/.<shell>_profile, ~/.<shell>_login Shell script. It will be visible only for programs started from terminal or terminal emulator. It is a good choice for shell-only systems. Used by shells in login mode. ~/.<shell>rc. Shell script. This is a poor choice because it is single shell specific. Used by shells in non-login mode.

笔记

Wayland上的GNOME启动一个用户登录shell来获取环境。它有效地使用登录shell配置~/。简介~ /。<壳> _profile ~ /。<壳> _login文件。

手册页

环境 环境。d https://linux.die.net/man/1/environment.d bash 破折号

特定的文档

Ubuntu Arch Linux

相关的

登录Shell和非登录Shell的区别?

永久地添加到PATH变量中

全球:

echo "export PATH=$PATH:/new/path/variable" >> /etc/profile

本地(仅针对当前用户):

echo "export PATH=$PATH:/new/path/variable" >> ~/.profile

对于全局，请重新启动。对于本地，请重新登录。

例子

之前:

$ cat /etc/profile

#!/bin/sh

export PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin

后:

$ cat /etc/profile

#!/bin/sh

export PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin
export PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/new/path/variable

或者你可以编辑文件“profile”:

$ cat /etc/profile

#!/bin/sh

export PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/new/path/variable

另一种方式(感谢gniourf_gniourf):

echo 'PATH=$PATH:/new/path/variable' >> /etc/profile

你不应该在这里使用双引号!回声的出口 = $ PATH: /新/ PATH /变量”……顺便说一下，export关键字 是很可能无用的路径变量是很可能已经 标记为导出。——gniourf_gniourf

我昨天在寻找一种方法将包含我自己的脚本的文件夹添加到PATH时偶然发现了这个问题-并且惊讶地发现我自己的~/。配置文件(在Linux Mint 18.1上)已经包含这个:

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi

因此，我所要做的就是创建文件夹~/bin并将脚本放在那里。