如果我像这样编码一个字符串:

var escapedString = originalString.stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)

它没有逃脱斜杠/。

我搜索并找到了这段Objective C代码:

NSString *encodedString = (NSString *)CFURLCreateStringByAddingPercentEscapes(
                        NULL,
                        (CFStringRef)unencodedString,
                        NULL,
                        (CFStringRef)@"!*'();:@&=+$,/?%#[]",
                        kCFStringEncodingUTF8 );

是否有一个更简单的方法来编码一个URL,如果没有,我怎么写在Swift?


当前回答

斯威夫特4:

这取决于您的服务器所遵循的编码规则。

苹果提供了这个类方法,但它没有报告它遵循哪种RCF协议。

var escapedString = originalString.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: .urlHostAllowed)!

使用这个有用的工具,你应该保证这些字符的编码为你的参数:

$(美元符号)变为%24 &(&)变成%26 +(+)变成%2B ,(逗号)变成%2C :(冒号)变成%3A ; (分号)变成%3B =(等于)变成%3D ? (问号)变成%3F @(商业A / At)变成%40

换句话说,谈到URL编码,您应该遵循RFC 1738协议。

Swift不包括+字符的编码,但它可以很好地使用这三个@:?识字课。

因此,要正确编码每个参数,.urlHostAllowed选项是不够的,你还应该添加特殊字符,例如:

encodedParameter = parameter.replacingOccurrences(of: "+", with: "%2B")

希望这能帮助那些变得疯狂的人搜索这些信息。

其他回答

斯威夫特5 你可以尝试.afURLQueryAllowed选项,如果你想编码字符串如下

let testString = "6hAD9/RjY+SnGm&B"
let escodedString = testString.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: .afURLQueryAllowed)
print(escodedString!) 

//编码后的字符串将像en6hAD9%2FRjY%2BSnGm%26B

你可以使用URLComponents来避免手动对查询字符串进行百分比编码:

let scheme = "https"
let host = "www.google.com"
let path = "/search"
let queryItem = URLQueryItem(name: "q", value: "Formula One")


var urlComponents = URLComponents()
urlComponents.scheme = scheme
urlComponents.host = host
urlComponents.path = path
urlComponents.queryItems = [queryItem]

if let url = urlComponents.url {
    print(url)   // "https://www.google.com/search?q=Formula%20One"
}

extension URLComponents {
    init(scheme: String = "https",
         host: String = "www.google.com",
         path: String = "/search",
         queryItems: [URLQueryItem]) {
        self.init()
        self.scheme = scheme
        self.host = host
        self.path = path
        self.queryItems = queryItems
    }
}

let query = "Formula One"
if let url = URLComponents(queryItems: [URLQueryItem(name: "q", value: query)]).url {
    print(url)  // https://www.google.com/search?q=Formula%20One
}

斯威夫特3

在Swift 3中增加了percentencoding

let originalString = "test/test"
let escapedString = originalString.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: .urlHostAllowed)
print(escapedString!)

输出:

测试%2F测试

斯威夫特1

在ios7及以上版本中,有stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters

var originalString = "test/test"
var escapedString = originalString.stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters(.URLHostAllowedCharacterSet())
println("escapedString: \(escapedString)")

输出:

测试%2F测试

以下是有用的(倒置的)字符集:

URLFragmentAllowedCharacterSet  "#%<>[\]^`{|}
URLHostAllowedCharacterSet      "#%/<>?@\^`{|}
URLPasswordAllowedCharacterSet  "#%/:<>?@[\]^`{|}
URLPathAllowedCharacterSet      "#%;<>?[\]^`{|}
URLQueryAllowedCharacterSet     "#%<>[\]^`{|}
URLUserAllowedCharacterSet      "#%/:<>?@[\]^`

如果你想要转义一组不同的字符,创建一个set: 添加“=”字符的示例:

var originalString = "test/test=42"
var customAllowedSet =  NSCharacterSet(charactersInString:"=\"#%/<>?@\\^`{|}").invertedSet
var escapedString = originalString.stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters(customAllowedSet)
println("escapedString: \(escapedString)")

输出:

测试% 2Ftest % 3D42

使用实例验证集合中不存在的ascii字符。

func printCharactersInSet(set: NSCharacterSet) {
    var characters = ""
    let iSet = set.invertedSet
    for i: UInt32 in 32..<127 {
        let c = Character(UnicodeScalar(i))
        if iSet.longCharacterIsMember(i) {
            characters = characters + String(c)
        }
    }
    print("characters not in set: \'\(characters)\'")
}

版本:斯威夫特5

// space convert to +
let mstring = string.replacingOccurrences(of: " ", with: "+")
// remove special character
var allowedQueryParamAndKey = NSCharacterSet.urlQueryAllowed
allowedQueryParamAndKey.remove(charactersIn: "!*'\"();:@&=+$,/?%#[]%")
return mstring.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: allowedQueryParamAndKey) ?? mstring  

斯威夫特4.2

有时发生这种情况只是因为在段码中有空间或没有URL编码的参数通过API URL。

let myString = self.slugValue
                let csCopy = CharacterSet(bitmapRepresentation: CharacterSet.urlPathAllowed.bitmapRepresentation)
                let escapedString = myString!.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: csCopy)!
                //always "info:hello%20world"
                print(escapedString)

注意:不要忘记探索位图表示。