如果我像这样编码一个字符串:
var escapedString = originalString.stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)
它没有逃脱斜杠/。
我搜索并找到了这段Objective C代码:
NSString *encodedString = (NSString *)CFURLCreateStringByAddingPercentEscapes(
NULL,
(CFStringRef)unencodedString,
NULL,
(CFStringRef)@"!*'();:@&=+$,/?%#[]",
kCFStringEncodingUTF8 );
是否有一个更简单的方法来编码一个URL，如果没有，我怎么写在Swift?
当前回答
斯威夫特5:
extension String {
var urlEncoded: String? {
let allowedCharacterSet = CharacterSet.alphanumerics.union(CharacterSet(charactersIn: "~-_."))
return self.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: allowedCharacterSet)
}
}
print("\u{48}ello\u{9}world\u{7}\u{0}".urlEncoded!) // prints Hello%09world%07%00
print("The string ü@foo-bar".urlEncoded!) // prints The%20string%20%C3%BC%40foo-bar
其他回答
斯威夫特4.2
有时发生这种情况只是因为在段码中有空间或没有URL编码的参数通过API URL。
let myString = self.slugValue
let csCopy = CharacterSet(bitmapRepresentation: CharacterSet.urlPathAllowed.bitmapRepresentation)
let escapedString = myString!.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: csCopy)!
//always "info:hello%20world"
print(escapedString)
注意:不要忘记探索位图表示。
这个对我有用。
func stringByAddingPercentEncodingForFormData(plusForSpace: Bool=false) -> String? {
let unreserved = "*-._"
let allowed = NSMutableCharacterSet.alphanumericCharacterSet()
allowed.addCharactersInString(unreserved)
if plusForSpace {
allowed.addCharactersInString(" ")
}
var encoded = stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters(allowed)
if plusForSpace {
encoded = encoded?.stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString(" ", withString: "+")
}
return encoded
}
我发现上述功能从这个链接:http://useyourloaf.com/blog/how-to-percent-encode-a-url-string/。
版本:斯威夫特5
// space convert to +
let mstring = string.replacingOccurrences(of: " ", with: "+")
// remove special character
var allowedQueryParamAndKey = NSCharacterSet.urlQueryAllowed
allowedQueryParamAndKey.remove(charactersIn: "!*'\"();:@&=+$,/?%#[]%")
return mstring.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: allowedQueryParamAndKey) ?? mstring
帮助我的是，我创建了一个单独的NSCharacterSet，并在一个UTF-8编码的字符串上使用它，即textToEncode来生成所需的结果:
var queryCharSet = NSCharacterSet.urlQueryAllowed
queryCharSet.remove(charactersIn: "+&?,:;@+=$*()")
let utfedCharacterSet = String(utf8String: textToEncode.cString(using: .utf8)!)!
let encodedStr = utfedCharacterSet.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: queryCharSet)!
let paramUrl = "https://api.abc.eu/api/search?device=true&query=\(escapedStr)"
Swift 4 & 5
要在URL中编码参数，我发现使用. alphanumics字符集是最简单的选择:
let urlEncoded = value.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: .alphanumerics)
let url = "http://www.example.com/?name=\(urlEncoded!)"
使用URL编码的任何标准字符集(如. urlqueryallowed或. urlhostallowed)都不起作用，因为它们不排除=或&字符。
注意，通过使用. alphannumeric，它将编码一些不需要编码的字符(如-，.，_或~ -参见2.3。RFC 3986中的非保留字符)。我发现使用. alphanumics比构造一个自定义字符集更简单，并且不介意编码一些额外的字符。如果这困扰你，构造一个自定义字符集，如描述如何百分比编码URL字符串，例如:
// Store allowed character set for reuse (computed lazily).
private let urlAllowed: CharacterSet =
.alphanumerics.union(.init(charactersIn: "-._~")) // as per RFC 3986
extension String {
var urlEncoded: String? {
return addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: urlAllowed)
}
}
let url = "http://www.example.com/?name=\(value.urlEncoded!)"
警告:urlEncoded参数是强制打开的。对于无效的unicode字符串，它可能会崩溃。参见为什么String.addingPercentEncoding()的返回值是可选的?而不是强制展开urlEncoded!你可以使用urlEncoded ??或者if let urlEncoded = urlEncoded{…}。
