如果我像这样编码一个字符串:
var escapedString = originalString.stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)
它没有逃脱斜杠/。
我搜索并找到了这段Objective C代码:
NSString *encodedString = (NSString *)CFURLCreateStringByAddingPercentEscapes(
NULL,
(CFStringRef)unencodedString,
NULL,
(CFStringRef)@"!*'();:@&=+$,/?%#[]",
kCFStringEncodingUTF8 );
是否有一个更简单的方法来编码一个URL,如果没有,我怎么写在Swift?
这在Swift 5中为我工作。用例是从剪贴板或类似的地方获取URL,该URL可能已经有转义字符,但还包含Unicode字符,这可能导致URLComponents或URL(string:)失败。
首先,创建一个包含所有url合法字符的字符集:
extension CharacterSet {
/// Characters valid in at least one part of a URL.
///
/// These characters are not allowed in ALL parts of a URL; each part has different requirements. This set is useful for checking for Unicode characters that need to be percent encoded before performing a validity check on individual URL components.
static var urlAllowedCharacters: CharacterSet {
// Start by including hash, which isn't in any set
var characters = CharacterSet(charactersIn: "#")
// All URL-legal characters
characters.formUnion(.urlUserAllowed)
characters.formUnion(.urlPasswordAllowed)
characters.formUnion(.urlHostAllowed)
characters.formUnion(.urlPathAllowed)
characters.formUnion(.urlQueryAllowed)
characters.formUnion(.urlFragmentAllowed)
return characters
}
}
接下来,用一个方法扩展String来编码url:
extension String {
/// Converts a string to a percent-encoded URL, including Unicode characters.
///
/// - Returns: An encoded URL if all steps succeed, otherwise nil.
func encodedUrl() -> URL? {
// Remove preexisting encoding,
guard let decodedString = self.removingPercentEncoding,
// encode any Unicode characters so URLComponents doesn't choke,
let unicodeEncodedString = decodedString.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: .urlAllowedCharacters),
// break into components to use proper encoding for each part,
let components = URLComponents(string: unicodeEncodedString),
// and reencode, to revert decoding while encoding missed characters.
let percentEncodedUrl = components.url else {
// Encoding failed
return nil
}
return percentEncodedUrl
}
}
可以这样测试:
let urlText = "https://www.example.com/폴더/search?q=123&foo=bar&multi=eggs+and+ham&hangul=한글&spaced=lovely%20spam&illegal=<>#top"
let url = encodedUrl(from: urlText)
url最后的值:https://www.example.com/%ED%8F%B4%EB%8D%94/search?q=123&foo=bar&multi=eggs+and+ham&hangul=%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80&spaced=lovely%20spam&illegal=%3C%3E#top
注意,%20和+空格都被保留,Unicode字符被编码,原始urlText中的%20没有被双重编码,锚(片段或#)仍然保留。
编辑:现在检查每个组件的有效性。