版本:斯威夫特5

// space convert to +
let mstring = string.replacingOccurrences(of: " ", with: "+")
// remove special character
var allowedQueryParamAndKey = NSCharacterSet.urlQueryAllowed
allowedQueryParamAndKey.remove(charactersIn: "!*'\"();:@&=+$,/?%#[]%")
return mstring.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: allowedQueryParamAndKey) ?? mstring  

这个对我有用。

func stringByAddingPercentEncodingForFormData(plusForSpace: Bool=false) -> String? {

    let unreserved = "*-._"
    let allowed = NSMutableCharacterSet.alphanumericCharacterSet()
    allowed.addCharactersInString(unreserved)

    if plusForSpace {
        allowed.addCharactersInString(" ")
    }

    var encoded = stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters(allowed)

    if plusForSpace {
        encoded = encoded?.stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString(" ", withString: "+")
    }
    return encoded
}

我发现上述功能从这个链接:http://useyourloaf.com/blog/how-to-percent-encode-a-url-string/。

对于Swift 5到endcode字符串

func escape(string: String) -> String {
    let allowedCharacters = string.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: CharacterSet(charactersIn: ":=\"#%/<>?@\\^`{|}").inverted) ?? ""
    return allowedCharacters
}

如何使用?

let strEncoded = self.escape(string: "http://www.edamam.com/ontologies/edamam.owl#recipe_e2a1b9bf2d996cbd9875b80612ed9aa4")
print("escapedString: \(strEncoded)")

斯威夫特5:

extension String {
    var urlEncoded: String? {
        let allowedCharacterSet = CharacterSet.alphanumerics.union(CharacterSet(charactersIn: "~-_."))
        return self.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: allowedCharacterSet)
    }
}

print("\u{48}ello\u{9}world\u{7}\u{0}".urlEncoded!) // prints Hello%09world%07%00
print("The string ü@foo-bar".urlEncoded!) // prints The%20string%20%C3%BC%40foo-bar

帮助我的是，我创建了一个单独的NSCharacterSet，并在一个UTF-8编码的字符串上使用它，即textToEncode来生成所需的结果:

var queryCharSet = NSCharacterSet.urlQueryAllowed
queryCharSet.remove(charactersIn: "+&?,:;@+=$*()")
    
let utfedCharacterSet = String(utf8String: textToEncode.cString(using: .utf8)!)!
let encodedStr = utfedCharacterSet.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: queryCharSet)!
    
let paramUrl = "https://api.abc.eu/api/search?device=true&query=\(escapedStr)"

这在Swift 5中为我工作。用例是从剪贴板或类似的地方获取URL，该URL可能已经有转义字符，但还包含Unicode字符，这可能导致URLComponents或URL(string:)失败。

首先，创建一个包含所有url合法字符的字符集:

extension CharacterSet {

    /// Characters valid in at least one part of a URL.
    ///
    /// These characters are not allowed in ALL parts of a URL; each part has different requirements. This set is useful for checking for Unicode characters that need to be percent encoded before performing a validity check on individual URL components.
    static var urlAllowedCharacters: CharacterSet {
        // Start by including hash, which isn't in any set
        var characters = CharacterSet(charactersIn: "#")
        // All URL-legal characters
        characters.formUnion(.urlUserAllowed)
        characters.formUnion(.urlPasswordAllowed)
        characters.formUnion(.urlHostAllowed)
        characters.formUnion(.urlPathAllowed)
        characters.formUnion(.urlQueryAllowed)
        characters.formUnion(.urlFragmentAllowed)

        return characters
    }
}

接下来，用一个方法扩展String来编码url:

extension String {

    /// Converts a string to a percent-encoded URL, including Unicode characters.
    ///
    /// - Returns: An encoded URL if all steps succeed, otherwise nil.
    func encodedUrl() -> URL? {        
        // Remove preexisting encoding,
        guard let decodedString = self.removingPercentEncoding,
            // encode any Unicode characters so URLComponents doesn't choke,
            let unicodeEncodedString = decodedString.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: .urlAllowedCharacters),
            // break into components to use proper encoding for each part,
            let components = URLComponents(string: unicodeEncodedString),
            // and reencode, to revert decoding while encoding missed characters.
            let percentEncodedUrl = components.url else {
            // Encoding failed
            return nil
        }

        return percentEncodedUrl
    }

}

可以这样测试:

let urlText = "https://www.example.com/폴더/search?q=123&foo=bar&multi=eggs+and+ham&hangul=한글&spaced=lovely%20spam&illegal=<>#top"
let url = encodedUrl(from: urlText)

url最后的值:https://www.example.com/%ED%8F%B4%EB%8D%94/search?q=123&foo=bar&multi=eggs+and+ham&hangul=%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80&spaced=lovely%20spam&illegal=%3C%3E#top

注意，%20和+空格都被保留，Unicode字符被编码，原始urlText中的%20没有被双重编码，锚(片段或#)仍然保留。

编辑:现在检查每个组件的有效性。