从Python 3.2开始，有一个内置的装饰器:

@functools。lru_cache(最大容量= 100,输入= False)

装饰器使用一个可记忆可调用对象来包装函数，该可调用对象最多保存maxsize最近的调用。当使用相同的参数周期性地调用昂贵的或I/O绑定的函数时，它可以节省时间。

用于计算斐波那契数的LRU缓存示例:

from functools import lru_cache

@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def fib(n):
    if n < 2:
        return n
    return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)

>>> print([fib(n) for n in range(16)])
[0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610]

>>> print(fib.cache_info())
CacheInfo(hits=28, misses=16, maxsize=None, currsize=16)

如果你被Python 2困住了。X，这里是其他兼容的内存库列表:

functools32 | PyPI |源代码 repoze。lru | PyPI |源代码 pylru | PyPI |源代码 补丁。functools_lru_cache | PyPI |源代码

fastcache，这是Python 3 functools.lru_cache的C实现。提供10-30倍于标准库的加速。”

和选择的答案一样，只是导入不同:

from fastcache import lru_cache
@lru_cache(maxsize=128, typed=False)
def f(a, b):
    pass

此外，它安装在Anaconda中，不像functools需要安装。

class memorize(dict):
    def __init__(self, func):
        self.func = func

    def __call__(self, *args):
        return self[args]

    def __missing__(self, key):
        result = self[key] = self.func(*key)
        return result

示例使用:

>>> @memorize
... def foo(a, b):
...     return a * b
>>> foo(2, 4)
8
>>> foo
{(2, 4): 8}
>>> foo('hi', 3)
'hihihi'
>>> foo
{(2, 4): 8, ('hi', 3): 'hihihi'}

在Python Wiki中还有另一个备忘录装饰器的例子:

http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary#Memoize

这个例子有点聪明，因为如果参数是可变的，它不会缓存结果。(检查代码，它非常简单和有趣!)

Python 3.8 functools。cached_property装饰

https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functools.html#functools.cached_property

来自Werkzeug的cached_property在:https://stackoverflow.com/a/5295190/895245上提到过，但据说派生版本将合并到3.8中，这是非常棒的。

这个装饰器可以被看作是缓存@property，或者是清洁器@functools。Lru_cache，当你没有任何参数时。

医生说:

@functools.cached_property(func) Transform a method of a class into a property whose value is computed once and then cached as a normal attribute for the life of the instance. Similar to property(), with the addition of caching. Useful for expensive computed properties of instances that are otherwise effectively immutable. Example: class DataSet: def __init__(self, sequence_of_numbers): self._data = sequence_of_numbers @cached_property def stdev(self): return statistics.stdev(self._data) @cached_property def variance(self): return statistics.variance(self._data) New in version 3.8. Note This decorator requires that the dict attribute on each instance be a mutable mapping. This means it will not work with some types, such as metaclasses (since the dict attributes on type instances are read-only proxies for the class namespace), and those that specify slots without including dict as one of the defined slots (as such classes don’t provide a dict attribute at all).

创建自己的装饰器并使用它

from django.core.cache import cache
import functools

def cache_returned_values(func):
    @functools.wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        key = "choose a unique key here"
        results = cache.get(key)
        if not results:
            results = func(*args, **kwargs)
            cache.set(key, results)
        return results

    return wrapper

现在看函数

@cache_returned_values
def get_some_values(args):
  return x