这是在字典列表中搜索值的一般方法:

def search_dictionaries(key, value, list_of_dictionaries):
    return [element for element in list_of_dictionaries if element[key] == value]

people = [
{'name': "Tom", 'age': 10},
{'name': "Mark", 'age': 5},
{'name': "Pam", 'age': 7}
]

def search(name):
    for p in people:
        if p['name'] == name:
            return p

search("Pam")

这里是一个比较，使用遍历列表，使用过滤器+lambda或重构(如果需要或对你的情况有效)你的代码dict of dicts而不是list of dicts

import time

# Build list of dicts
list_of_dicts = list()
for i in range(100000):
    list_of_dicts.append({'id': i, 'name': 'Tom'})

# Build dict of dicts
dict_of_dicts = dict()
for i in range(100000):
    dict_of_dicts[i] = {'name': 'Tom'}


# Find the one with ID of 99

# 1. iterate through the list
lod_ts = time.time()
for elem in list_of_dicts:
    if elem['id'] == 99999:
        break
lod_tf = time.time()
lod_td = lod_tf - lod_ts

# 2. Use filter
f_ts = time.time()
x = filter(lambda k: k['id'] == 99999, list_of_dicts)
f_tf = time.time()
f_td = f_tf- f_ts

# 3. find it in dict of dicts
dod_ts = time.time()
x = dict_of_dicts[99999]
dod_tf = time.time()
dod_td = dod_tf - dod_ts


print 'List of Dictionries took: %s' % lod_td
print 'Using filter took: %s' % f_td
print 'Dict of Dicts took: %s' % dod_td

输出是这样的:

List of Dictionries took: 0.0099310874939
Using filter took: 0.0121960639954
Dict of Dicts took: 4.05311584473e-06

结论: 显然，字典是最有效的搜索方法在这种情况下，你知道，你只能通过id搜索。 有趣的是，使用过滤器是最慢的解决方案。

简单地使用列表理解:

[i for i in dct if i['name'] == 'Pam'][0]

示例代码:

dct = [
    {'name': 'Tom', 'age': 10},
    {'name': 'Mark', 'age': 5},
    {'name': 'Pam', 'age': 7}
]

print([i for i in dct if i['name'] == 'Pam'][0])

> {'age': 7, 'name': 'Pam'}

这里提出的大多数(如果不是全部)实现都有两个缺陷:

他们假设只传递一个键来进行搜索，而对于复杂的字典，有更多的键可能是有趣的 它们假定所有传递用于搜索的键都存在于字典中，因此当KeyError不存在时，它们不会正确处理。

更新后的命题:

def find_first_in_list(objects, **kwargs):
    return next((obj for obj in objects if
                 len(set(obj.keys()).intersection(kwargs.keys())) > 0 and
                 all([obj[k] == v for k, v in kwargs.items() if k in obj.keys()])),
                None)

也许不是最python化的，但至少更安全一点。

用法:

>>> obj1 = find_first_in_list(list_of_dict, name='Pam', age=7)
>>> obj2 = find_first_in_list(list_of_dict, name='Pam', age=27)
>>> obj3 = find_first_in_list(list_of_dict, name='Pam', address='nowhere')
>>> 
>>> print(obj1, obj2, obj3)
{"name": "Pam", "age": 7}, None, {"name": "Pam", "age": 7}

要点。

为@FrédéricHamidi添加一点点。

如果你不确定字典列表中是否有键，这样做会有帮助:

next((item for item in dicts if item.get("name") and item["name"] == "Pam"), None)