常见错误如下例所示。

public class Car {

    private String color;

    public Car(String color) {
        this.color = color;
    }

    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if(obj==null) return false;
        if (!(obj instanceof Car))
            return false;   
        if (obj == this)
            return true;
        return this.color.equals(((Car) obj).color);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Car a1 = new Car("green");
        Car a2 = new Car("red");

        //hashMap stores Car type and its quantity
        HashMap<Car, Integer> m = new HashMap<Car, Integer>();
        m.put(a1, 10);
        m.put(a2, 20);
        System.out.println(m.get(new Car("green")));
    }
}

绿色的车没有找到

2. hashCode()引起的问题

该问题是由未覆盖的hashCode()方法引起的。equals()和hashCode()之间的契约是:

如果两个对象相等，那么它们必须具有相同的哈希码。 如果两个对象具有相同的哈希码，则它们可能相等，也可能不相等。 公共int hashCode(){ 返回this.color.hashCode (); ｝

Bah -“你必须在每个重写equals()的类中重写hashCode()。”

[出自Joshua Bloch的《Effective Java》?］

Isn't this the wrong way round? Overriding hashCode likely implies you're writing a hash-key class, but overriding equals certainly does not. There are many classes that are not used as hash-keys, but do want a logical-equality-testing method for some other reason. If you choose "equals" for it, you may then be mandated to write a hashCode implementation by overzealous application of this rule. All that achieves is adding untested code in the codebase, an evil waiting to trip someone up in the future. Also writing code you don't need is anti-agile. It's just wrong (and an ide generated one will probably be incompatible with your hand-crafted equals).

他们肯定应该在被写来用作键的对象上强制设置一个接口吗?无论如何，Object永远不应该提供默认的hashCode()和equals() imho。它可能鼓励了许多破碎的散列集合。

但无论如何，我认为“规则”是前后颠倒的。与此同时，我将继续避免使用“等号”进行相等性测试方法:-(

我正在研究解释“如果你只覆盖hashCode，那么当你调用myMap.put(first,someValue)时，它首先接受，计算它的hashCode并将其存储在给定的桶中。然后，当你调用myMap.put(first,someOtherValue)时，它应该根据Map文档将first替换为second，因为它们是相等的(根据我们的定义)。”：

我认为第二次添加myMap时应该是第二个对象比如myMap。put(second,someOtherValue)

在这个回答中没有提到测试equals/hashcode契约。

我发现EqualsVerifier库非常有用和全面。它也很容易使用。

另外，从头构建equals()和hashCode()方法涉及大量样板代码。Apache Commons Lang库提供了EqualsBuilder和HashCodeBuilder类。这些类极大地简化了复杂类的equals()和hashCode()方法的实现。

顺便说一句，值得考虑重写toString()方法以帮助调试。Apache Commons Lang库提供了ToStringBuilder类来帮助实现这一点。

身份不是平等。

= operator ==测试标识符。 equals(Object obj)方法比较相等性测试(即我们需要通过重写方法来告诉相等)

为什么我需要重写Java中的equals和hashCode方法?

首先我们要理解等号法的用法。

为了识别两个对象之间的差异，我们需要重写equals方法。

例如:

Customer customer1=new Customer("peter");
Customer customer2=customer1;
customer1.equals(customer2); // returns true by JVM. i.e. both are refering same Object
------------------------------
Customer customer1=new Customer("peter");
Customer customer2=new Customer("peter");
customer1.equals(customer2); //return false by JVM i.e. we have two different peter customers.

------------------------------
Now I have overriden Customer class equals method as follows:
 @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)   // it checks references
            return true;
        if (obj == null) // checks null
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) // both object are instances of same class or not
            return false;
        Customer other = (Customer) obj;
        if (name == null) {
            if (other.name != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!name.equals(other.name)) // it again using bulit in String object equals to identify the difference 
            return false;
        return true; 
    }
Customer customer1=new Customer("peter");
Customer customer2=new Customer("peter");
Insteady identify the Object equality by JVM, we can do it by overring equals method.
customer1.equals(customer2);  // returns true by our own logic

现在hashCode方法很容易理解了。

hashCode生成整数，以便将对象存储在HashMap、HashSet等数据结构中。

假设我们有如上所述的override equals Customer方法，

customer1.equals(customer2);  // returns true by our own logic

在处理数据结构时，我们将对象存储在桶中(桶是文件夹的花哨名称)。如果我们使用内置哈希技术，对于以上两个客户，它会生成两个不同的哈希码。所以我们把相同的对象存储在两个不同的地方。为了避免这类问题，我们也应该基于以下原则重写hashCode方法。

不相等的实例可能具有相同的hashcode。 相同的实例应该返回相同的hashcode。

为了帮助你检查重复的对象，我们需要一个自定义的等号和hashCode。

Since hashcode always returns a number its always fast to retrieve an object using a number rather than an alphabetic key. How will it do? Assume we created a new object by passing some value which is already available in some other object. Now the new object will return the same hash value as of another object because the value passed is same. Once the same hash value is returned, JVM will go to the same memory address every time and if in case there are more than one objects present for the same hash value it will use equals() method to identify the correct object.