有一些简单的方法来填充字符串在Java?
似乎是一些应该在一些stringutil类API,但我找不到任何东西,这样做。
有一些简单的方法来填充字符串在Java?
似乎是一些应该在一些stringutil类API,但我找不到任何东西,这样做。
当前回答
概括一下Eko的答案(Java 11+):
public class StringUtils {
public static String padLeft(String s, char fill, int padSize) {
if (padSize < 0) {
var err = "padSize must be >= 0 (was " + padSize + ")";
throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(err);
}
int repeats = Math.max(0, padSize - s.length());
return Character.toString(fill).repeat(repeats) + s;
}
public static String padRight(String s, char fill, int padSize) {
if (padSize < 0) {
var err = "padSize must be >= 0 (was " + padSize + ")";
throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(err);
}
int repeats = Math.max(0, padSize - s.length());
return s + Character.toString(fill).repeat(repeats);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(padLeft("", 'x', 5)); // => xxxxx
System.out.println(padLeft("1", 'x', 5)); // => xxxx1
System.out.println(padLeft("12", 'x', 5)); // => xxx12
System.out.println(padLeft("123", 'x', 5)); // => xx123
System.out.println(padLeft("1234", 'x', 5)); // => x1234
System.out.println(padLeft("12345", 'x', 5)); // => 12345
System.out.println(padLeft("123456", 'x', 5)); // => 123456
System.out.println(padRight("", 'x', 5)); // => xxxxx
System.out.println(padRight("1", 'x', 5)); // => 1xxxx
System.out.println(padRight("12", 'x', 5)); // => 12xxx
System.out.println(padRight("123", 'x', 5)); // => 123xx
System.out.println(padRight("1234", 'x', 5)); // => 1234x
System.out.println(padRight("12345", 'x', 5)); // => 12345
System.out.println(padRight("123456", 'x', 5)); // => 123456
System.out.println(padRight("1", 'x', -1)); // => throws
}
}
其他回答
你可以通过保留填充数据来减少每次调用的开销,而不是每次都重新构建:
public class RightPadder {
private int length;
private String padding;
public RightPadder(int length, String pad) {
this.length = length;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(pad);
while (sb.length() < length) {
sb.append(sb);
}
padding = sb.toString();
}
public String pad(String s) {
return (s.length() < length ? s + padding : s).substring(0, length);
}
}
作为一种替代方法,您可以将结果长度作为pad(…)方法的参数。在这种情况下,在该方法中而不是在构造函数中调整隐藏填充。
(提示:为了获得额外的学分,让它是线程安全的!: -)
从Java 1.5开始,string. format()可以用于左/右填充给定的字符串。
public static String padRight(String s, int n) {
return String.format("%-" + n + "s", s);
}
public static String padLeft(String s, int n) {
return String.format("%" + n + "s", s);
}
...
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
System.out.println(padRight("Howto", 20) + "*");
System.out.println(padLeft("Howto", 20) + "*");
}
输出为:
Howto *
Howto*
@ck和@Marlon Tarak的答案是唯一使用char[]的答案,对于每秒有几个填充方法调用的应用程序来说,这是最好的方法。然而,它们没有利用任何数组操作优化,而且对我来说有点覆盖;这完全不需要循环。
public static String pad(String source, char fill, int length, boolean right){
if(source.length() > length) return source;
char[] out = new char[length];
if(right){
System.arraycopy(source.toCharArray(), 0, out, 0, source.length());
Arrays.fill(out, source.length(), length, fill);
}else{
int sourceOffset = length - source.length();
System.arraycopy(source.toCharArray(), 0, out, sourceOffset, source.length());
Arrays.fill(out, 0, sourceOffset, fill);
}
return new String(out);
}
简单测试方法:
public static void main(String... args){
System.out.println("012345678901234567890123456789");
System.out.println(pad("cats", ' ', 30, true));
System.out.println(pad("cats", ' ', 30, false));
System.out.println(pad("cats", ' ', 20, false));
System.out.println(pad("cats", '$', 30, true));
System.out.println(pad("too long for your own good, buddy", '#', 30, true));
}
输出:
012345678901234567890123456789
cats
cats
cats
cats$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
too long for your own good, buddy
不管怎样,我一直在寻找一些可以填充的东西,然后我决定自己编写代码。它非常简洁,你可以很容易地从中推导出padLeft和padRight
/**
* Pads around a string, both left and right using pad as the template, aligning to the right or left as indicated.
* @param a the string to pad on both left and right
* @param pad the template to pad with, it can be of any size
* @param width the fixed width to output
* @param alignRight if true, when the input string is of odd length, adds an extra pad char to the left, so values are right aligned
* otherwise add an extra pad char to the right. When the input is of even length no extra chars will be inserted
* @return the input param a padded around.
*/
public static String padAround(String a, String pad, int width, boolean alignRight) {
if (pad.length() == 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Pad cannot be an empty string!");
int delta = width - a.length();
if (delta < 1)
return a;
int half = delta / 2;
int remainder = delta % 2;
String padding = pad.repeat(((half+remainder)/pad.length()+1)); // repeating the padding to occupy all possible space
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(width);
// sb.append( padding.substring(0,half + (alignRight ? 0 : remainder)));
sb.append(padding, 0, half + (alignRight ? 0 : remainder));
sb.append(a);
// sb.append( padding.substring(0,half + (alignRight ? remainder : 0)));
sb.append(padding, 0, half + (alignRight ? remainder : 0));
return sb.toString();
}
虽然它应该是相当快的,它可能会受益于使用一些韵母在这里和那里。
在番石榴中,这很简单:
Strings.padStart("string", 10, ' ');
Strings.padEnd("string", 10, ' ');