当我们在Django中添加模型字段时,我们通常这样写:
models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
ForeignKey, DecimalField等也是如此。两者的基本区别是什么:
null = True只
空白= True只
null=True, blank=True
对于不同的(CharField, ForeignKey, ManyToManyField, DateTimeField)字段?使用选项1、2或3的优点/缺点是什么?
正如Django Model Field reference中所说:Link
Field options
The following arguments are available to all field types. All are optional.
null
Field.null If True, Django will store empty values as NULL in the database. Default is False.
Avoid using null on string-based fields such as CharField and
TextField because empty string values will always be stored as empty
strings, not as NULL. If a string-based field has null=True, that
means it has two possible values for "no data": NULL, and the empty
string. In most cases, it’s redundant to have two possible values for
"no data"; the Django convention is to use the empty string, not
NULL.
For both string-based and non-string-based fields, you will also need
to set blank=True if you wish to permit empty values in forms, as
the null parameter only affects database storage (see blank).
Note
When using the Oracle database backend, the value NULL will be stored to denote the empty string regardless of this attribute
blank
Field.blank
If True, the field is allowed to be blank. Default is False.
Note that this is different than null. null is purely
database-related, whereas blank is validation-related. If a field
has blank=True, form validation will allow entry of an empty value.
If a field has blank=False, the field will be required.
在模型中null=True和blank=True的含义还取决于这些字段在表单类中的定义方式。
假设你已经定义了以下类:
class Client (models.Model):
name = models.CharField (max_length=100, blank=True)
address = models.CharField (max_length=100, blank=False)
如果表单类是这样定义的:
class ClientForm (ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Client
fields = ['name', 'address']
widgets = {
'name': forms.TextInput (attrs = {'class': 'form-control form-control-sm'}),
'address': forms.TextInput (attrs = {'class': 'form-control form-control-sm'})
}
然后,'name'字段将不是强制性的(由于模型中的空白=True), 'address'字段将是强制性的(由于模型中的空白=False)。
然而,如果ClientForm类是这样定义的:
class ClientForm (ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Client
fields = ['name', 'address']
name = forms.CharField (
widget = forms.TextInput (attrs = {'class': 'form-control form-control-sm'}),
)
address = forms.CharField (
widget = forms.TextInput (attrs = {'class': 'form-control form-control-sm'}),
)
然后,这两个字段('name'和'address')将是强制性的,“因为声明式定义的字段保持原样”(https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/forms/modelforms/),即表单字段的'required'属性的默认值为True,这将要求字段'name'和'address'被填充,即使在模型中,字段已被设置为blank=True。
如果设置null=True,它将允许将数据库列的值设置为null。如果你只设置blank=True, django会为这个列设置默认的新值为""。
有一点,null=True将是必要的,即使在CharField或TextField,这是当数据库有唯一的标志设置列。在这种情况下,你需要使用这个:
a_unique_string = models.CharField(blank=True, null=True, unique=True)
最好跳过null=True的非唯一CharField或TextField。否则,一些字段将被设置为NULL,而另一些字段将被设置为“”,并且您必须每次检查字段值是否为NULL。