当我们在Django中添加模型字段时,我们通常这样写:
models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
ForeignKey, DecimalField等也是如此。两者的基本区别是什么:
null = True只
空白= True只
null=True, blank=True
对于不同的(CharField, ForeignKey, ManyToManyField, DateTimeField)字段?使用选项1、2或3的优点/缺点是什么?
|| blank = True || null = True && blank = True
class TestModel(models.Model):
field1 = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True)
field2 = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True) # it's not a correct way
field3 = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)
数据库字段:MySQL
CREATE TABLE TestModel (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`field1` VARCHAR(100) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`field2` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
`field3` VARCHAR(100) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
)
case-01: null = True
db: db field is accepts null value
form: form field is `required`
NB: DB IS ACCEPTS NULL VALUE, BUT FORM FIELD IS REQUIRED. SO FORM IS
SUBMITTED WHEN THIS FIELD HAVE SOME VALUE. it's good.
case-02: blank = True
db: db field is not accepts null value
form: form field is `optional`
NB: FORM IS VALID WITHOUT ANY VALUE, BUT DB IS NOT ACCEPTS NULL VALUE.
SO THE FORM IS SUBMITTED WITHOUT ANY VALUE THEN BOOM. it's worst.
case-03: null = True && blank = True
db: db field is accepts null value
form: form field is `optional`
NB: HERE FORM FIELD IS OPTIONAL & FORM IS VALID WITHOUT ANY VALUE
& DB ALSO ACCEPTS NULL VALUE. SO, IT'S BEST TO USE `null=True && blank=True`
:)
null=True和blank=True是django.db.models中的字段属性。Null是与数据库相关的,而空白是与验证相关的。
null
默认值为null=False。如果null=False, Django将不允许在数据库列中使用null值。
如果null=True, Django会将数据库列中的空值存储为null。对于CharField和TextField, django将使用空字符串"而不是NULL。避免为CharField和TextField使用空属性。一个例外是,当CharField具有unique=True和blank=True时,则需要null=True。
空白
默认为空白=False。如果blank=False,该字段将是必需的。
如果blank=True,该字段是可选的,可以留空。blank=True和null=False将需要在模型上实现clean()以编程方式设置任何缺失的值。
在模型中null=True和blank=True的含义还取决于这些字段在表单类中的定义方式。
假设你已经定义了以下类:
class Client (models.Model):
name = models.CharField (max_length=100, blank=True)
address = models.CharField (max_length=100, blank=False)
如果表单类是这样定义的:
class ClientForm (ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Client
fields = ['name', 'address']
widgets = {
'name': forms.TextInput (attrs = {'class': 'form-control form-control-sm'}),
'address': forms.TextInput (attrs = {'class': 'form-control form-control-sm'})
}
然后,'name'字段将不是强制性的(由于模型中的空白=True), 'address'字段将是强制性的(由于模型中的空白=False)。
然而,如果ClientForm类是这样定义的:
class ClientForm (ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Client
fields = ['name', 'address']
name = forms.CharField (
widget = forms.TextInput (attrs = {'class': 'form-control form-control-sm'}),
)
address = forms.CharField (
widget = forms.TextInput (attrs = {'class': 'form-control form-control-sm'}),
)
然后,这两个字段('name'和'address')将是强制性的,“因为声明式定义的字段保持原样”(https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/forms/modelforms/),即表单字段的'required'属性的默认值为True,这将要求字段'name'和'address'被填充,即使在模型中,字段已被设置为blank=True。