当我们在Django中添加模型字段时,我们通常这样写:

models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)

ForeignKey, DecimalField等也是如此。两者的基本区别是什么:

null = True只 空白= True只 null=True, blank=True

对于不同的(CharField, ForeignKey, ManyToManyField, DateTimeField)字段?使用选项1、2或3的优点/缺点是什么?


当前回答

Django模型中的每个选项都有两个目的

在数据库级别定义字段约束(例如SQL, Postgresql,或任何其他) 在表单级别定义字段约束(在数据库层之上的框架级别)

现在让我们回到零和空白

空白是Django表单相关的。它用于在admin或Django中验证Django表单。特别是当我们调用form.is_valid()时 Null与数据库相关。它告诉底层数据库该列是否允许保存空值。

例如,让我们看看下面的例子-

class Company(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    website = models.UrlField()
    founded_on = models.DateField(blank=True, null=False)
    random_date = models.DateFeild(blank=False, null=True)
    random_text = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)

我已经定义了一个Company模型,它有两个字段,我们在其中玩空白和空选项。让我们看看不同的字段会发生什么

founded_on: can receive an empty string value at form level (framework/language level). While saving to the database then we would raise IntegrityError because the Database will not accept the null value due to null being false. random_date: receiving an empty value at form level (Framework) through validation error, since blank is not allowed due to blank true that is setting constraints at the form level. However, it also allows the column to be null at the database layer. random_text: This is the option that means that the field is allowed to be saved as null at the database layer and also empty string value is allowed to be valid data as per the Django forms validation logic due to blank=True. So in short it can receive empty values (at the framework level and can store empty value at DB level.

要解决所有这些困惑,请将数据库提交视为两层过程。

首先,它填写表单,我们可以在框架级别调用验证数据。 其次,它有一个数据库级别的选项,可以帮助定义DB约束。

这里blank是框架级别的东西,而null是数据库级别的约束。

其他回答

简单的null=True定义了数据库应该接受null值,另一方面,空白=True定义了表单验证该字段应该接受空白值或不接受空白值(如果空白=True,则接受该字段中没有值的表单,空白=False[默认值],则表单验证将显示此字段是必需的错误。

null=与数据库相关的True/False

blank=与表单验证相关的真/假

这就是ORM在Django 1.8中映射空白和空字段的方法

class Test(models.Model):
    charNull        = models.CharField(max_length=10, null=True)
    charBlank       = models.CharField(max_length=10, blank=True)
    charNullBlank   = models.CharField(max_length=10, null=True, blank=True)

    intNull         = models.IntegerField(null=True)
    intBlank        = models.IntegerField(blank=True)
    intNullBlank    = models.IntegerField(null=True, blank=True)

    dateNull        = models.DateTimeField(null=True)
    dateBlank       = models.DateTimeField(blank=True)
    dateNullBlank   = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)        

为PostgreSQL 9.4创建的数据库字段是:

CREATE TABLE Test (
  id              serial                    NOT NULL,

  "charNull"      character varying(10),
  "charBlank"     character varying(10)     NOT NULL,
  "charNullBlank" character varying(10),

  "intNull"       integer,
  "intBlank"      integer                   NOT NULL,
  "intNullBlank"  integer,

  "dateNull"      timestamp with time zone,
  "dateBlank"     timestamp with time zone  NOT NULL,
  "dateNullBlank" timestamp with time zone,
  CONSTRAINT Test_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id)
)

为MySQL 5.6创建的数据库字段是:

CREATE TABLE Test (
     `id`            INT(11)     NOT  NULL    AUTO_INCREMENT,

     `charNull`      VARCHAR(10) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
     `charBlank`     VARCHAR(10) NOT  NULL,
     `charNullBlank` VARCHAR(10) NULL DEFAULT NULL,

     `intNull`       INT(11)     NULL DEFAULT NULL,
     `intBlank`      INT(11)     NOT  NULL,
     `intNullBlank`  INT(11)     NULL DEFAULT NULL,

     `dateNull`      DATETIME    NULL DEFAULT NULL,
     `dateBlank`     DATETIME    NOT  NULL,
     `dateNullBlank` DATETIME    NULL DEFAULT NULL
)

Null纯粹与数据库相关,而blank与验证相关。如果一个字段为blank=True, Django管理站点的验证将允许输入一个空值。如果一个字段有blank=False,该字段将是必需的

Django模型中的每个选项都有两个目的

在数据库级别定义字段约束(例如SQL, Postgresql,或任何其他) 在表单级别定义字段约束(在数据库层之上的框架级别)

现在让我们回到零和空白

空白是Django表单相关的。它用于在admin或Django中验证Django表单。特别是当我们调用form.is_valid()时 Null与数据库相关。它告诉底层数据库该列是否允许保存空值。

例如,让我们看看下面的例子-

class Company(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    website = models.UrlField()
    founded_on = models.DateField(blank=True, null=False)
    random_date = models.DateFeild(blank=False, null=True)
    random_text = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)

我已经定义了一个Company模型,它有两个字段,我们在其中玩空白和空选项。让我们看看不同的字段会发生什么

founded_on: can receive an empty string value at form level (framework/language level). While saving to the database then we would raise IntegrityError because the Database will not accept the null value due to null being false. random_date: receiving an empty value at form level (Framework) through validation error, since blank is not allowed due to blank true that is setting constraints at the form level. However, it also allows the column to be null at the database layer. random_text: This is the option that means that the field is allowed to be saved as null at the database layer and also empty string value is allowed to be valid data as per the Django forms validation logic due to blank=True. So in short it can receive empty values (at the framework level and can store empty value at DB level.

要解决所有这些困惑,请将数据库提交视为两层过程。

首先,它填写表单,我们可以在框架级别调用验证数据。 其次,它有一个数据库级别的选项,可以帮助定义DB约束。

这里blank是框架级别的东西,而null是数据库级别的约束。

|| blank = True || null = True && blank = True

class TestModel(models.Model):
    field1 = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True)
    field2 = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True)   # it's not a correct way
    field3 = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)

数据库字段:MySQL

CREATE TABLE TestModel (
     `id`        INT(10)        NOT     NULL      AUTO_INCREMENT,

     `field1`    VARCHAR(100)   NULL    DEFAULT   NULL,
     `field2`    VARCHAR(100)   NOT     NULL,
     `field3`    VARCHAR(100)   NULL    DEFAULT   NULL,
)

case-01: null = True

db:   db   field is accepts null value
form: form field is `required`

NB: DB IS ACCEPTS NULL VALUE, BUT FORM FIELD IS REQUIRED. SO FORM IS 
SUBMITTED WHEN THIS FIELD HAVE SOME VALUE. it's good.

case-02: blank = True

db:   db   field is not accepts null value
form: form field is `optional`

NB: FORM IS VALID WITHOUT ANY VALUE, BUT DB IS NOT ACCEPTS NULL VALUE.
SO THE FORM IS SUBMITTED WITHOUT ANY VALUE THEN BOOM. it's worst.

case-03: null = True && blank = True

db:   db   field is accepts null value
form: form field is `optional`

NB: HERE FORM FIELD IS OPTIONAL & FORM IS VALID WITHOUT ANY VALUE 
& DB ALSO ACCEPTS NULL VALUE. SO, IT'S BEST TO USE `null=True && blank=True`

:)