两者都是对象的模型，您可以通过某种方式控制对象的输入和观察对象的输出。

关键的区别在于:

使用模拟器，您希望输出与所模拟的对象将产生的结果完全匹配。 使用模拟器，您希望输出的某些属性与对象将产生的类似。

让我举个例子——假设你想做一些系统测试，看看在系统中添加一个新的传感器(比如温度计)会如何影响系统。你知道温度计每秒发送8次包含其测量值的信息。

模拟——如果你还没有温度计，但是你想测试这个消息速率不会使你的系统过载，你可以通过附加一个每秒发送8次随机数的单元来模拟传感器。您可以运行任何不依赖于传感器发送的实际值的测试。

模拟——假设你有一个非常昂贵的温度计，测量值为0.001 C，你想看看是否可以使用一个更便宜的温度计，只能测量到最近的0.5 C。你可以使用一个昂贵的温度计模拟更便宜的温度计，然后将读数四舍五入到最近的0.5 C，并运行依赖于温度值的测试。

注意，模拟也可以用于预测或预测行为。有限元分析模拟应用于许多领域，包括天气预报和虚拟风洞。

术语的定义:

竞赛——超越或完全匹配 模仿——模仿外表或性格

简单的解释。

如果你想把你的电脑(运行Windows)转换成Mac，你可以做以下任何一项:

你可以简单地在你的Windows上安装一个Mac主题。所以，你的电脑感觉上更像Mac，但实际上你不能运行任何Mac程序。(模拟)

(or)

(2)你可以把你的电脑编程成像Mac一样运行(我不确定这是否可能:P)。现在你甚至可以成功地运行Mac程序，并期望得到与Mac上相同的输出。

在第一种情况下，你可以体验Mac，但你不能期待与Mac相同的输出。 在第二种情况下，你可以期待与Mac上相同的输出，但事实仍然是它只是一台PC。

虚拟PC试图从程序员的角度模拟计算机，但同时，它也从电气工程师的角度模拟计算机。

模拟器必然是一个比例模型。 模拟器假装成1:1的模型。

我不认为模拟器和模拟器可以比较。两者都模仿某些东西，但不是同一推理范围的一部分，它们不在同一上下文中使用。

简而言之:模拟器被设计用来复制原始程序的某些特性，甚至可以在真实环境中替换它。模拟器的设计不是为了复制原物的特征，而是为了在人类看来与原物相似。没有了原有的功能，仿真器无法在实际环境中代替原有的功能。

An emulator is a device that mimics something close enough so that it can be substituted to the real thing. E.g you want a circuit to work like a ROM (read only memory) circuit, but also wants to adjust the content until it is what you want. You'll use a ROM emulator, a black box (likely to be CPU-based) with a physical and electrical interfaces compatible with the ROM you want to emulate. The emulator will be plugged into the device in place of the real ROM. The motherboard will not see any difference when working, but you will be able to change the emulated-ROM content easily. Said otherwise the emulator will act exactly as the actual thing in its motherboard context (maybe a little bit slower due to actual internal model) but there will be additional functions (like re-writing) visible only to the designer, out of the motherboard context. So emulator definition would be: something that mimic the original, has all of its functional features, can actually replace it to some extend in the real world, and may have additional features not visible in the normal context.

A simulator is used in another thinking context, e.g a plane simulator, a car simulator, etc. The simulation will take care only of some aspect of the actual thing, usually those related to how a human being will perceive and control it. The simulator will not perform the functions of the real stuff, and cannot be sustituted to it. The plane simulator will not fly or carry someone, it's not its purpose at all. The simulator is not intended to work, but to appear to the pilot somehow like the actual thing for purposes other than its normal ones, e.g. to allow ground training (including in unusual situations like all-engine failure). So simulator definition would be: something that can appear to human, to some extend, like the original, but cannot replace it for actual use. In addition the pilot will know that the simulator is a simulator.

我认为我们不会看到ROM模拟器，因为ROM不与人类交互，我们也不会看到任何平面模拟器，因为在现实世界中，飞机无法有一个替代物来执行相同的功能。

在我看来，模拟器或模拟器中的模型可以是任何东西，并且不必与原始模型相似。一个ROM模拟器模型将很可能是软件而不是硬件，MS飞行模拟器不能比它更软件。

这两个术语的比较将与当前选择的答案(来自Toybuilder)相矛盾，后者将差异放在内部模型上，而我的建议是，差异在于假的是否可以用于执行实际世界中的实际功能(确实在某些可接受的范围内)。

注意，飞机模拟器还必须模拟地球、太阳、风等，这些都不是飞机的一部分，所以飞机模拟器必须模拟飞机的某些方面，以及飞机的环境，因为它不是在这个实际环境中使用，而是在一个训练室中使用。

This is a big difference with the emulator which emulates only the orginal, and its purpose is to be used in the environment of the original with no need to emulate it. Back to the plane context... what could be a plane emulator? Maybe a train that will connect two airports -- actually two plane steps -- carrying passengers, with stewardesses onboard, with car interior looking like an actual plane cabin, and with captain saying "ladies and gentlemen our altitude is currenlty 10 kms and the temperature at our destination is 24°C". Its benefit is difficult to see, hum...

总之，模拟器是一个真实的东西，旨在工作，模拟器是一个假的，旨在欺骗用户。

模拟器:

Consider a situation that you know only English and you are in China. In order to interact with a Chinese person you need a translator. Now, role of translator is that it will seek input from you in English and convert to Chinese and and give that input to the Chinese person and gets response from the Chinese person and convert to English and give the output to you in English. Now that translator and Chinese person is the emulator. Both combine will provide similar functionality as if you were communicating with the English person. So hardware may be different but functionality will be same.

模拟器:

我想不出比SPICE或飞行模拟器更好的例子了。两者都将用与硬件行为相似的软件或数学模型取代硬件组件行为。

最后，哪种解决方案更适合项目需求取决于上下文。