另一种声明和初始化ArrayList的方法：

private List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>(){{
    add("e1");
    add("e2");
}};

package com.examplehub.basics;

import java.util.Arrays;

public class Array {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

        /*
         * numbers[0] = 1
         * numbers[1] = 2
         * numbers[2] = 3
         * numbers[3] = 4
         * numbers[4] = 5
         */
        System.out.println("numbers[0] = " + numbers[0]);
        System.out.println("numbers[1] = " + numbers[1]);
        System.out.println("numbers[2] = " + numbers[2]);
        System.out.println("numbers[3] = " + numbers[3]);
        System.out.println("numbers[4] = " + numbers[4]);

        /*
         * Array index is out of bounds
         */
        //System.out.println(numbers[-1]);
        //System.out.println(numbers[5]);


        /*
         * numbers[0] = 1
         * numbers[1] = 2
         * numbers[2] = 3
         * numbers[3] = 4
         * numbers[4] = 5
         */
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            System.out.println("numbers[" + i + "] = " + numbers[i]);
        }

        /*
         * Length of numbers = 5
         */
        System.out.println("length of numbers = " + numbers.length);

        /*
         * numbers[0] = 1
         * numbers[1] = 2
         * numbers[2] = 3
         * numbers[3] = 4
         * numbers[4] = 5
         */
        for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
            System.out.println("numbers[" + i + "] = " + numbers[i]);
        }

        /*
         * numbers[4] = 5
         * numbers[3] = 4
         * numbers[2] = 3
         * numbers[1] = 2
         * numbers[0] = 1
         */
        for (int i = numbers.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            System.out.println("numbers[" + i + "] = " + numbers[i]);
        }

        /*
         * 12345
         */
        for (int number : numbers) {
            System.out.print(number);
        }
        System.out.println();

        /*
         * [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
         */
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(numbers));



        String[] company = {"Google", "Facebook", "Amazon", "Microsoft"};

        /*
         * company[0] = Google
         * company[1] = Facebook
         * company[2] = Amazon
         * company[3] = Microsoft
         */
        for (int i = 0; i < company.length; i++) {
            System.out.println("company[" + i + "] = " + company[i]);
        }

        /*
         * Google
         * Facebook
         * Amazon
         * Microsoft
         */
        for (String c : company) {
            System.out.println(c);
        }

        /*
         * [Google, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft]
         */
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(company));

        int[][] twoDimensionalNumbers = {
                {1, 2, 3},
                {4, 5, 6, 7},
                {8, 9},
                {10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15}
        };

        /*
         * total rows  = 4
         */
        System.out.println("total rows  = " + twoDimensionalNumbers.length);

        /*
         * row 0 length = 3
         * row 1 length = 4
         * row 2 length = 2
         * row 3 length = 6
         */
        for (int i = 0; i < twoDimensionalNumbers.length; i++) {
            System.out.println("row " + i + " length = " + twoDimensionalNumbers[i].length);
        }

        /*
         * row 0 = 1 2 3
         * row 1 = 4 5 6 7
         * row 2 = 8 9
         * row 3 = 10 11 12 13 14 15
         */
        for (int i = 0; i < twoDimensionalNumbers.length; i++) {
            System.out.print("row " + i + " = ");
            for (int j = 0; j < twoDimensionalNumbers[i].length; j++) {
                System.out.print(twoDimensionalNumbers[i][j] + " ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }

        /*
         * row 0 = [1, 2, 3]
         * row 1 = [4, 5, 6, 7]
         * row 2 = [8, 9]
         * row 3 = [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
         */
        for (int i = 0; i < twoDimensionalNumbers.length; i++) {
            System.out.println("row " + i + " = " + Arrays.toString(twoDimensionalNumbers[i]));
        }

        /*
         * 1 2 3
         * 4 5 6 7
         * 8 9
         * 10 11 12 13 14 15
         */
        for (int[] ints : twoDimensionalNumbers) {
            for (int num : ints) {
                System.out.print(num + " ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }

        /*
         * [1, 2, 3]
         * [4, 5, 6, 7]
         * [8, 9]
         * [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
         */
        for (int[] ints : twoDimensionalNumbers) {
            System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ints));
        }


        int length = 5;
        int[] array = new int[length];
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            array[i] = i + 1;
        }

        /*
         * [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
         */
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array));

    }
}

来源于examplehub/java

数组是项目的顺序列表

int item = value;

int [] one_dimensional_array = { value, value, value, .., value };

int [][] two_dimensional_array =
{
  { value, value, value, .. value },
  { value, value, value, .. value },
    ..     ..     ..        ..
  { value, value, value, .. value }
};

如果它是一个物体，那么它就是同一个概念

Object item = new Object();

Object [] one_dimensional_array = { new Object(), new Object(), .. new Object() };

Object [][] two_dimensional_array =
{
  { new Object(), new Object(), .. new Object() },
  { new Object(), new Object(), .. new Object() },
    ..            ..               ..
  { new Object(), new Object(), .. new Object() }
};

对于对象，您需要将其赋值为null，以使用新的Type（..）初始化它们，像String和Integer这样的类是特殊情况，将按如下方式处理

String [] a = { "hello", "world" };
// is equivalent to
String [] a = { new String({'h','e','l','l','o'}), new String({'w','o','r','l','d'}) };

Integer [] b = { 1234, 5678 };
// is equivalent to
Integer [] b = { new Integer(1234), new Integer(5678) };

通常，您可以创建M维数组

int [][]..[] array =
//  ^ M times [] brackets

    {{..{
//  ^ M times { bracket

//            this is array[0][0]..[0]
//                         ^ M times [0]

    }}..}
//  ^ M times } bracket
;

值得注意的是，从空间角度来看，创建M维阵列是昂贵的。因为当您在所有维度上创建一个N的M维数组时，数组的总大小大于N^M，因为每个数组都有一个引用，并且在M维有一个（M-1）维引用数组。总尺寸如下

Space = N^M + N^(M-1) + N^(M-2) + .. + N^0
//      ^                              ^ array reference
//      ^ actual data

声明对象引用数组：

class Animal {}

class Horse extends Animal {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        /*
         * Array of Animal can hold Animal and Horse (all subtypes of Animal allowed)
         */
        Animal[] a1 = new Animal[10];
        a1[0] = new Animal();
        a1[1] = new Horse();

        /*
         * Array of Animal can hold Animal and Horse and all subtype of Horse
         */
        Animal[] a2 = new Horse[10];
        a2[0] = new Animal();
        a2[1] = new Horse();

        /*
         * Array of Horse can hold only Horse and its subtype (if any) and not
           allowed supertype of Horse nor other subtype of Animal.
         */
        Horse[] h1 = new Horse[10];
        h1[0] = new Animal(); // Not allowed
        h1[1] = new Horse();

        /*
         * This can not be declared.
         */
        Horse[] h2 = new Animal[10]; // Not allowed
    }
}

公告

一维阵列

int[] nums1; // best practice
int []nums2;
int nums3[];

多维数组

int[][] nums1; // best practice
int [][]nums2;
int[] []nums3;
int[] nums4[];
int nums5[][];

声明和初始化

一维阵列

使用默认值

int[] nums = new int[3]; // [0, 0, 0]

Object[] objects = new Object[3]; // [null, null, null]

带数组文字

int[] nums1 = {1, 2, 3};
int[] nums2 = new int[]{1, 2, 3};

Object[] objects1 = {new Object(), new Object(), new Object()};
Object[] objects2 = new Object[]{new Object(), new Object(), new Object()};

带有循环

int[] nums = new int[3];
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
    nums[i] = i; // can contain any YOUR filling strategy
}

Object[] objects = new Object[3];
for (int i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) {
    objects[i] = new Object(); // can contain any YOUR filling strategy
}

带循环for和Random

int[] nums = new int[10];
Random random = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
    nums[i] = random.nextInt(10); // random int from 0 to 9
}

使用流（从Java 8开始）

int[] nums1 = IntStream.range(0, 3)
                       .toArray(); // [0, 1, 2]
int[] nums2 = IntStream.rangeClosed(0, 3)
                       .toArray(); // [0, 1, 2, 3]
int[] nums3 = IntStream.of(10, 11, 12, 13)
                       .toArray(); // [10, 11, 12, 13]
int[] nums4 = IntStream.of(12, 11, 13, 10)
                       .sorted()
                       .toArray(); // [10, 11, 12, 13]
int[] nums5 = IntStream.iterate(0, x -> x <= 3, x -> x + 1)
                       .toArray(); // [0, 1, 2, 3]
int[] nums6 = IntStream.iterate(0, x -> x + 1)
                       .takeWhile(x -> x < 3)
                       .toArray(); // [0, 1, 2]

int size = 3;
Object[] objects1 = IntStream.range(0, size)
        .mapToObj(i -> new Object()) // can contain any YOUR filling strategy
        .toArray(Object[]::new);

Object[] objects2 = Stream.generate(() -> new Object()) // can contain any YOUR filling strategy
        .limit(size)
        .toArray(Object[]::new);

使用Random和Stream（从Java 8开始）

int size = 3;
int randomNumberOrigin = -10;
int randomNumberBound = 10
int[] nums = new Random().ints(size, randomNumberOrigin, randomNumberBound).toArray();

多维数组

使用默认值

int[][] nums = new int[3][3]; // [[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]

Object[][] objects = new Object[3][3]; // [[null, null, null], [null, null, null], [null, null, null]]

带数组文字

int[][] nums1 = {
        {1, 2, 3},
        {4, 5, 6},
        {7, 8, 9}
};
int[][] nums2 = new int[][]{
        {1, 2, 3},
        {4, 5, 6},
        {7, 8, 9}
};

Object[][] objects1 = {
        {new Object(), new Object(), new Object()},
        {new Object(), new Object(), new Object()},
        {new Object(), new Object(), new Object()}
};
Object[][] objects2 = new Object[][]{
        {new Object(), new Object(), new Object()},
        {new Object(), new Object(), new Object()},
        {new Object(), new Object(), new Object()}
};

带有循环

int[][] nums = new int[3][3];
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < nums[i].length; i++) {
        nums[i][j] = i + j; // can contain any YOUR filling strategy
    }
}

Object[][] objects = new Object[3][3];
for (int i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < nums[i].length; i++) {
        objects[i][j] = new Object(); // can contain any YOUR filling strategy
    }
}

在Java 9中

使用不同的IntStream.iterate和IntStream.takeWhile方法：

int[] a = IntStream.iterate(10, x -> x <= 100, x -> x + 10).toArray();

Out: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]


int[] b = IntStream.iterate(0, x -> x + 1).takeWhile(x -> x < 10).toArray();

Out: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

在Java 10中

使用局部变量类型推断：

var letters = new String[]{"A", "B", "C"};