如何在Java中声明和初始化数组?


当前回答

在Java 9中

使用不同的IntStream.iterate和IntStream.takeWhile方法:

int[] a = IntStream.iterate(10, x -> x <= 100, x -> x + 10).toArray();

Out: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]


int[] b = IntStream.iterate(0, x -> x + 1).takeWhile(x -> x < 10).toArray();

Out: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

在Java 10中

使用局部变量类型推断:

var letters = new String[]{"A", "B", "C"};

其他回答

声明对象引用数组:

class Animal {}

class Horse extends Animal {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        /*
         * Array of Animal can hold Animal and Horse (all subtypes of Animal allowed)
         */
        Animal[] a1 = new Animal[10];
        a1[0] = new Animal();
        a1[1] = new Horse();

        /*
         * Array of Animal can hold Animal and Horse and all subtype of Horse
         */
        Animal[] a2 = new Horse[10];
        a2[0] = new Animal();
        a2[1] = new Horse();

        /*
         * Array of Horse can hold only Horse and its subtype (if any) and not
           allowed supertype of Horse nor other subtype of Animal.
         */
        Horse[] h1 = new Horse[10];
        h1[0] = new Animal(); // Not allowed
        h1[1] = new Horse();

        /*
         * This can not be declared.
         */
        Horse[] h2 = new Animal[10]; // Not allowed
    }
}

使用局部变量类型推断,您只需指定一次类型:

var values = new int[] { 1, 2, 3 };

Or

int[] values = { 1, 2, 3 }

数组是项目的顺序列表

int item = value;

int [] one_dimensional_array = { value, value, value, .., value };

int [][] two_dimensional_array =
{
  { value, value, value, .. value },
  { value, value, value, .. value },
    ..     ..     ..        ..
  { value, value, value, .. value }
};

如果它是一个物体,那么它就是同一个概念

Object item = new Object();

Object [] one_dimensional_array = { new Object(), new Object(), .. new Object() };

Object [][] two_dimensional_array =
{
  { new Object(), new Object(), .. new Object() },
  { new Object(), new Object(), .. new Object() },
    ..            ..               ..
  { new Object(), new Object(), .. new Object() }
};

对于对象,您需要将其赋值为null,以使用新的Type(..)初始化它们,像String和Integer这样的类是特殊情况,将按如下方式处理

String [] a = { "hello", "world" };
// is equivalent to
String [] a = { new String({'h','e','l','l','o'}), new String({'w','o','r','l','d'}) };

Integer [] b = { 1234, 5678 };
// is equivalent to
Integer [] b = { new Integer(1234), new Integer(5678) };

通常,您可以创建M维数组

int [][]..[] array =
//  ^ M times [] brackets

    {{..{
//  ^ M times { bracket

//            this is array[0][0]..[0]
//                         ^ M times [0]

    }}..}
//  ^ M times } bracket
;

值得注意的是,从空间角度来看,创建M维阵列是昂贵的。因为当您在所有维度上创建一个N的M维数组时,数组的总大小大于N^M,因为每个数组都有一个引用,并且在M维有一个(M-1)维引用数组。总尺寸如下

Space = N^M + N^(M-1) + N^(M-2) + .. + N^0
//      ^                              ^ array reference
//      ^ actual data

您可以使用数组声明或数组文字(但仅当您立即声明并影响变量时,数组文字不能用于重新分配数组)。

对于基本类型:

int[] myIntArray = new int[3]; // each element of the array is initialised to 0
int[] myIntArray = {1, 2, 3};
int[] myIntArray = new int[]{1, 2, 3};

// Since Java 8. Doc of IntStream: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/stream/IntStream.html

int [] myIntArray = IntStream.range(0, 100).toArray(); // From 0 to 99
int [] myIntArray = IntStream.rangeClosed(0, 100).toArray(); // From 0 to 100
int [] myIntArray = IntStream.of(12,25,36,85,28,96,47).toArray(); // The order is preserved.
int [] myIntArray = IntStream.of(12,25,36,85,28,96,47).sorted().toArray(); // Sort 

对于类,例如String,它是相同的:

String[] myStringArray = new String[3]; // each element is initialised to null
String[] myStringArray = {"a", "b", "c"};
String[] myStringArray = new String[]{"a", "b", "c"};

当您首先声明一个数组,然后初始化它,将一个数组作为函数参数传递,或者返回一个数组时,第三种初始化方法非常有用。需要显式类型。

String[] myStringArray;
myStringArray = new String[]{"a", "b", "c"};

如果“array”是指使用java.util.Arrays,那么可以使用:

List<String> number = Arrays.asList("1", "2", "3");

// Out: ["1", "2", "3"]

这个非常简单明了。