我一直是一个简单使用的人:

List<String> names = new ArrayList<>();

我使用接口作为可移植性的类型名称,这样当我问类似这样的问题时,我就可以修改代码。

LinkedList何时应用于ArrayList,反之亦然?


当前回答

ArrayList扩展了AbstractList并实现了List接口。ArrayList是动态数组。可以说,它的创建基本上是为了克服数组的缺点LinkedList类扩展了AbstractSequentialList并实现了List、Deque和Queue接口。表演arraylist.get()是O(1),而linkedlist.getarraylist.add()为O(1),linkedlist.add)为0(1)arraylist.contains()为O(n),linkedlist.contans()为0(n)arraylist.next()为O(1),linkedlist.next()为0(1)arraylist.remove()是O(n),而linkedlist.remove()是0(1)在arraylistiterator.remove()是O(n),而在linkedlist迭代器.remove

其他回答

这取决于您将在列表中执行更多操作。

ArrayList访问索引值更快。插入或删除对象时,情况更糟。

要了解更多信息,请阅读任何关于数组和链接列表之间区别的文章。

正确或不正确:请在本地执行测试并自行决定!

LinkedList中的编辑/删除速度比ArrayList快。

Array支持的ArrayList需要两倍的大小,在大容量应用程序中更糟糕。

以下是每个操作的单元测试结果。计时单位为纳秒。


Operation                       ArrayList                      LinkedList  

AddAll   (Insert)               101,16719                      2623,29291 

Add      (Insert-Sequentially)  152,46840                      966,62216

Add      (insert-randomly)      36527                          29193

remove   (Delete)               20,56,9095                     20,45,4904

contains (Search)               186,15,704                     189,64,981

代码如下:

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.*;

public class ArrayListVsLinkedList {
    private static final int MAX = 500000;
    String[] strings = maxArray();

    ////////////// ADD ALL ////////////////////////////////////////
    @Test
    public void arrayListAddAll() {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);
        List<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>(MAX);

        watch.start();
        arrayList.addAll(stringList);
        watch.totalTime("Array List addAll() = ");//101,16719 Nanoseconds
    }

    @Test
    public void linkedListAddAll() throws Exception {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);

        watch.start();
        List<String> linkedList = new LinkedList<String>();
        linkedList.addAll(stringList);
        watch.totalTime("Linked List addAll() = ");  //2623,29291 Nanoseconds
    }

    //Note: ArrayList is 26 time faster here than LinkedList for addAll()

    ///////////////// INSERT /////////////////////////////////////////////
    @Test
    public void arrayListAdd() {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>(MAX);

        watch.start();
        for (String string : strings)
            arrayList.add(string);
        watch.totalTime("Array List add() = ");//152,46840 Nanoseconds
    }

    @Test
    public void linkedListAdd() {
        Watch watch = new Watch();

        List<String> linkedList = new LinkedList<String>();
        watch.start();
        for (String string : strings)
            linkedList.add(string);
        watch.totalTime("Linked List add() = ");  //966,62216 Nanoseconds
    }

    //Note: ArrayList is 9 times faster than LinkedList for add sequentially

    /////////////////// INSERT IN BETWEEN ///////////////////////////////////////

    @Test
    public void arrayListInsertOne() {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);
        List<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>(MAX + MAX / 10);
        arrayList.addAll(stringList);

        String insertString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String insertString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);
        String insertString2 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 30);
        String insertString3 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 40);

        watch.start();

        arrayList.add(insertString0);
        arrayList.add(insertString1);
        arrayList.add(insertString2);
        arrayList.add(insertString3);

        watch.totalTime("Array List add() = ");//36527
    }

    @Test
    public void linkedListInsertOne() {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);
        List<String> linkedList = new LinkedList<String>();
        linkedList.addAll(stringList);

        String insertString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String insertString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);
        String insertString2 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 30);
        String insertString3 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 40);

        watch.start();

        linkedList.add(insertString0);
        linkedList.add(insertString1);
        linkedList.add(insertString2);
        linkedList.add(insertString3);

        watch.totalTime("Linked List add = ");//29193
    }


    //Note: LinkedList is 3000 nanosecond faster than ArrayList for insert randomly.

    ////////////////// DELETE //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    @Test
    public void arrayListRemove() throws Exception {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);
        List<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>(MAX);

        arrayList.addAll(stringList);
        String searchString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String searchString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);

        watch.start();
        arrayList.remove(searchString0);
        arrayList.remove(searchString1);
        watch.totalTime("Array List remove() = ");//20,56,9095 Nanoseconds
    }

    @Test
    public void linkedListRemove() throws Exception {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> linkedList = new LinkedList<String>();
        linkedList.addAll(Arrays.asList(strings));

        String searchString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String searchString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);

        watch.start();
        linkedList.remove(searchString0);
        linkedList.remove(searchString1);
        watch.totalTime("Linked List remove = ");//20,45,4904 Nanoseconds
    }

    //Note: LinkedList is 10 millisecond faster than ArrayList while removing item.

    ///////////////////// SEARCH ///////////////////////////////////////////
    @Test
    public void arrayListSearch() throws Exception {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList(strings);
        List<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>(MAX);

        arrayList.addAll(stringList);
        String searchString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String searchString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);

        watch.start();
        arrayList.contains(searchString0);
        arrayList.contains(searchString1);
        watch.totalTime("Array List addAll() time = ");//186,15,704
    }

    @Test
    public void linkedListSearch() throws Exception {
        Watch watch = new Watch();
        List<String> linkedList = new LinkedList<String>();
        linkedList.addAll(Arrays.asList(strings));

        String searchString0 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 10);
        String searchString1 = getString(true, MAX / 2 + 20);

        watch.start();
        linkedList.contains(searchString0);
        linkedList.contains(searchString1);
        watch.totalTime("Linked List addAll() time = ");//189,64,981
    }

    //Note: Linked List is 500 Milliseconds faster than ArrayList

    class Watch {
        private long startTime;
        private long endTime;

        public void start() {
            startTime = System.nanoTime();
        }

        private void stop() {
            endTime = System.nanoTime();
        }

        public void totalTime(String s) {
            stop();
            System.out.println(s + (endTime - startTime));
        }
    }


    private String[] maxArray() {
        String[] strings = new String[MAX];
        Boolean result = Boolean.TRUE;
        for (int i = 0; i < MAX; i++) {
            strings[i] = getString(result, i);
            result = !result;
        }
        return strings;
    }

    private String getString(Boolean result, int i) {
        return String.valueOf(result) + i + String.valueOf(!result);
    }
}

您可以根据对该特定列表执行的操作的时间复杂性,使用一个而不是另一个。

|---------------------|---------------------|--------------------|------------|
|      Operation      |     ArrayList       |     LinkedList     |   Winner   |
|---------------------|---------------------|--------------------|------------|
|     get(index)      |       O(1)          |         O(n)       | ArrayList  |
|                     |                     |  n/4 steps in avg  |            |
|---------------------|---------------------|--------------------|------------|
|      add(E)         |       O(1)          |         O(1)       | LinkedList |
|                     |---------------------|--------------------|            |
|                     | O(n) in worst case  |                    |            |
|---------------------|---------------------|--------------------|------------|
|    add(index, E)    |       O(n)          |         O(n)       | LinkedList |
|                     |     n/2 steps       |      n/4 steps     |            |
|                     |---------------------|--------------------|            |
|                     |                     |  O(1) if index = 0 |            |
|---------------------|---------------------|--------------------|------------|
|  remove(index, E)   |       O(n)          |         O(n)       | LinkedList |
|                     |---------------------|--------------------|            |
|                     |     n/2 steps       |      n/4 steps     |            |
|---------------------|---------------------|--------------------|------------|
|  Iterator.remove()  |       O(n)          |         O(1)       | LinkedList |
|  ListIterator.add() |                     |                    |            |
|---------------------|---------------------|--------------------|------------|


|--------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
|              ArrayList               |            LinkedList             |
|--------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
|     Allows fast read access          |   Retrieving element takes O(n)   |
|--------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
|   Adding an element require shifting | o(1) [but traversing takes time]  |
|       all the later elements         |                                   |
|--------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
|   To add more elements than capacity |
|    new array need to be allocated    |
|--------------------------------------|

如果您的代码有add(0)和remove(0),请使用LinkedList,这是更漂亮的addFirst()和removeFirst()方法。否则,请使用ArrayList。

当然,Guava的ImmutableList是你最好的朋友。

ArrayList和LinkedList各有利弊。

与使用指向下一个节点的指针的LinkedList相比,ArrayList使用连续内存地址。因此,当您想在ArrayList中查找元素时,比使用LinkedList进行n次迭代更快。

另一方面,LinkedList中的插入和删除要容易得多,因为您只需更改指针,而ArrayList意味着对任何插入或删除都使用移位操作。

如果您的应用程序中有频繁的检索操作,请使用ArrayList。如果频繁插入和删除,请使用LinkedList。