我将此字符串存储在变量中：
IN="bla@some.com;john@home.com"
现在，我想将字符串拆分为：；分隔符，以便我可以：
ADDR1="bla@some.com"
ADDR2="john@home.com"
我不一定需要ADDR1和ADDR2变量。如果它们是数组的元素，那就更好了。
根据以下答案的建议，我最终得出了以下结论，这就是我想要的：
#!/usr/bin/env bash
IN="bla@some.com;john@home.com"
mails=$(echo $IN | tr ";" "\n")
for addr in $mails
do
echo "> [$addr]"
done
输出：
> [bla@some.com]
> [john@home.com]
有一个解决方案涉及将Internal_field_separator（IFS）设置为；。我不确定这个答案发生了什么，如何将IFS重置为默认值？
回复：IFS解决方案，我尝试了这个，它奏效了，我保留了旧的IFS，然后恢复它：
IN="bla@some.com;john@home.com"
OIFS=$IFS
IFS=';'
mails2=$IN
for x in $mails2
do
echo "> [$x]"
done
IFS=$OIFS
顺便说一下，当我尝试
mails2=($IN)
在循环中打印时，我只得到了第一个字符串，$in周围没有括号，它可以工作。
IN='bla@some.com;john@home.com;Charlie Brown <cbrown@acme.com;!"#$%&/()[]{}*? are no problem;simple is beautiful :-)'
set -f
oldifs="$IFS"
IFS=';'; arrayIN=($IN)
IFS="$oldifs"
for i in "${arrayIN[@]}"; do
echo "$i"
done
set +f
输出：
bla@some.com
john@home.com
Charlie Brown <cbrown@acme.com
!"#$%&/()[]{}*? are no problem
simple is beautiful :-)
说明：使用括号（）的简单赋值将分号分隔的列表转换为数组，前提是在执行此操作时使用正确的IFS。标准FOR循环照常处理该数组中的各个项。请注意，为IN变量提供的列表必须是“硬”引号，即带有单引号。
必须保存和恢复IFS，因为Bash不会像对待命令一样对待赋值。另一种解决方法是将赋值包装在函数内，并使用修改后的IFS调用该函数。在这种情况下，不需要单独保存/恢复IFS。感谢“比兹”指出这一点。
取自Bash shell脚本拆分数组：
IN="bla@some.com;john@home.com"
arrIN=(${IN//;/ })
echo ${arrIN[1]} # Output: john@home.com
说明：
此构造将替换所有出现的“；”（首字母//表示全局替换）在字符串in中使用“”（单个空格），然后将空格分隔的字符串解释为数组（这就是周围的括号所做的）。
大括号内用于替换每个“；”的语法带有“”字符的字符称为参数扩展。
有一些常见的陷阱：
如果原始字符串有空格，则需要使用IFS：
IFS=“：”；arrIN=（$IN）；未设置IFS；
如果原始字符串包含空格，并且分隔符是新行，则可以使用以下命令设置IFS：
IFS=$'\n'；arrIN=（$IN）；未设置IFS；
编辑：对不起，我在SO上读到POSIX需要perl，所以我认为使用它是合法的。但在unix.stackexchange.com上，一些用户表示perl不是POSIX规范的一部分。
我的解决方案：一个使用perl的拆分来完成工作的函数。
详细评论如下：
#!/bin/bash
# This function is a wrapper for Perl's split.\
# \
# Since we cannot return an array like in Perl,
# it takes the name of the resulting array as last
# argument.\
# \
# See https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/split for usage info
# and examples.\
# \
# If you provide a Perl regexp that contains e. g. an escaped token like \b,
# space(s) and/or capture group(s), it must be quoted, and e. g. /\b/ must
# be single-quoted.\
# Thus, it's best to generally single-quote a Perl regexp.
function split # Args: <Element separator regexp> <string> <array name>
{
(($# != 3)) && echo "${FUNCNAME[0]}: Wrong number of arguments, returning." && return 1
local elementSepRE=$1
local string=$2
local -n array=$3
local element i=0
# Attention! read does Word Splitting on each line!
# I must admit I didn't know that so far.
# This removes leading and trailing spaces, exactly
# what we don't want.
# Thus, we set IFS locally to newline only.
local IFS=$'\n'
while read element; do
# As opposed to array+=($element),
# this preserves leading and trailing spaces.
array[i++]=$element
done <<<$(_perl_split)
}
# This function calls Perl's split function and prints the elements of the
# resulting array on separate lines.\
# It uses the caller's $elementSepRE and $string.
function _perl_split
{
# A heredoc is a great way of embedding a Perl script.
# N.B.: - Shell variables get expanded.
# - Thus:
# - They must be quoted.
# - Perl scalar variables must be escaped.
# - The backslash of \n must be escaped to protect it.
# - Instead of redirecting a single heredoc to perl, we may
# use multiple heredocs with cat within a command group and
# pipe the result to perl.
# This enables us to conditionally add certain lines of code.
{
cat <<-END
my \$elementSepRE=q($elementSepRE);
END
# If $elementSepRE is a literal Perl regexp, qr must be applied
# to it in order to use it.
# N.B.: We cannot write this condition in Perl because when perl
# compiles the script, all statements are checked for validity,
# no matter if they will actually be executed or not.
# And if $elementSepRE was e. g. == ', the line below – although
# not to be executed – would give an error because of an unterminated
# single-quoted string.
[[ $elementSepRE =~ ^m?/ && $elementSepRE =~ /[msixpodualn]*$ ]] && cat <<-END
\$elementSepRE=qr$elementSepRE;
END
cat <<-END
my @array=split(\$elementSepRE, q($string));
print(\$_ . "\\n") for (@array);
END
} | perl
}
对于那些一眼就知道发生了什么的人来说，这一点没有任何评论；）
#!/bin/bash
# This function is a wrapper for Perl's split.\
# \
# Since we cannot return an array like in Perl,
# it takes the name of the resulting array as last
# argument.\
# \
# See https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/split for usage info
# and examples.\
# \
# If you provide a Perl regexp that contains e. g. an escaped token like \b,
# space(s) and/or capture group(s), it must be quoted, and e. g. /\b/ must
# be single-quoted.\
# Thus, it's best to generally single-quote a Perl regexp.
function split # Args: <Element separator regexp> <string> <array name>
{
(($# != 3)) && echo "${FUNCNAME[0]}: Wrong number of arguments, returning." && return 1
local elementSepRE=$1
local string=$2
local -n array=$3
local element i=0
local IFS=$'\n'
while read element; do
array[i++]=$element
done <<<$(_perl_split)
}
function _perl_split
{
{
cat <<-END
my \$elementSepRE=q($elementSepRE);
END
[[ $elementSepRE =~ ^m?/ && $elementSepRE =~ /[msixpodualn]*$ ]] && cat <<-END
\$elementSepRE=qr$elementSepRE;
END
cat <<-END
my @array=split(\$elementSepRE, q($string));
print(\$_ . "\\n") for (@array);
END
} | perl
}
