如果你知道你正在使用相同的上下文并且没有分离任何实体，你可以像这样创建一个通用版本:

public void InsertOrUpdate<T>(T entity, DbContext db) where T : class
{
    if (db.Entry(entity).State == EntityState.Detached)
        db.Set<T>().Add(entity);

    // If an immediate save is needed, can be slow though
    // if iterating through many entities:
    db.SaveChanges(); 
}

Db当然可以是一个类字段，或者方法可以是静态的和一个扩展，但这是基本的。

Ladislav的答案很接近，但我不得不做了一些修改，以使其在EF6(数据库优先)中工作。我用我的AddOrUpdate方法扩展了我的数据上下文，到目前为止，这似乎与分离的对象工作得很好:

using System.Data.Entity;

[....]

public partial class MyDBEntities {

  public void AddOrUpdate(MyDBEntities ctx, DbSet set, Object obj, long ID) {
      if (ID != 0) {
          set.Attach(obj);
          ctx.Entry(obj).State = EntityState.Modified;
      }
      else {
          set.Add(obj);
      }
  }
[....]

试试这个算法

public void InsertOrUpdate(Item item) 
{ 
    using (var context = new ItemContext()) 
    { 
       var existedItem = context.Items.Where(x => x.Id==item.Id).FirstOrDefault();

       if(existedItem != null)
       {
          context.Entry(existedItem).CurrentValues.SetValues(item);
          
              //or only if you want to update some special properties
                existedItem.Prop1=item.Prop1;
                existedItem.Prop2=item.Prop2
                context.Entry(existedItem).State =EntityState.Modified;
              //-----------

       } 
       else 
       { 
        context.Items.Add(item);
       }

    context.SaveChanges();
   }
}

从实体框架4.3开始，在命名空间System.Data.Entity.Migrations中有一个AddOrUpdate方法:

public static void AddOrUpdate<TEntity>(
    this IDbSet<TEntity> set,
    params TEntity[] entities
)
where TEntity : class

医生说:

在调用SaveChanges时按键添加或更新实体。等效 到数据库术语中的“upsert”操作。此方法可以是 在使用迁移播种数据时很有用。

为了回答@Smashing1978的评论，我将从@Colin提供的链接中粘贴相关部分

The job of AddOrUpdate is to ensure that you don’t create duplicates when you seed data during development. First, it will execute a query in your database looking for a record where whatever you supplied as a key (first parameter) matches the mapped column value (or values) supplied in the AddOrUpdate. So this is a little loosey-goosey for matching but perfectly fine for seeding design time data. More importantly, if a match is found then the update will update all and null out any that weren’t in your AddOrUpdate.

也就是说，我有一种情况，我从外部服务中提取数据，并通过主键插入或更新现有值(并且我的消费者本地数据是只读的)-在生产中使用AddOrUpdate已经超过6个月了，到目前为止没有问题。

@LadislavMrnka的替代答案。这是实体框架6.2.0。

如果你有一个特定的DbSet和一个需要更新或创建的项:

var name = getNameFromService();

var current = _dbContext.Names.Find(name.BusinessSystemId, name.NameNo);
if (current == null)
{
    _dbContext.Names.Add(name);
}
else
{
    _dbContext.Entry(current).CurrentValues.SetValues(name);
}
_dbContext.SaveChanges();

但是，这也可以用于具有单个主键或复合主键的通用DbSet。

var allNames = NameApiService.GetAllNames();
GenericAddOrUpdate(allNames, "BusinessSystemId", "NameNo");

public virtual void GenericAddOrUpdate<T>(IEnumerable<T> values, params string[] keyValues) where T : class
{
    foreach (var value in values)
    {
        try
        {
            var keyList = new List<object>();

            //Get key values from T entity based on keyValues property
            foreach (var keyValue in keyValues)
            {
                var propertyInfo = value.GetType().GetProperty(keyValue);
                var propertyValue = propertyInfo.GetValue(value);
                keyList.Add(propertyValue);
            }

            GenericAddOrUpdateDbSet(keyList, value);
            //Only use this when debugging to catch save exceptions
            //_dbContext.SaveChanges();
        }
        catch
        {
            throw;
        }
    }
    _dbContext.SaveChanges();
}

public virtual void GenericAddOrUpdateDbSet<T>(List<object> keyList, T value) where T : class
{
    //Get a DbSet of T type
    var someDbSet = Set(typeof(T));

    //Check if any value exists with the key values
    var current = someDbSet.Find(keyList.ToArray());
    if (current == null)
    {
        someDbSet.Add(value);
    }
    else
    {
        Entry(current).CurrentValues.SetValues(value);
    }
}

插入else更新

public void InsertUpdateData()
{
//Here TestEntities is the class which is given from "Save entity connection setting in web.config"
TestEntities context = new TestEntities();

var query = from data in context.Employee
            orderby data.name
            select data;

foreach (Employee details in query)
{
    if (details.id == 1)
    {
        //Assign the new values to name whose id is 1
        details.name = "Sanjay";
        details. Surname="Desai";
        details.address=" Desiwadi";
    }
    else if(query==null)
    {
        details.name="Sharad";
        details.surname=" Chougale ";
        details.address=" Gargoti";
    }
}

//Save the changes back to database.
context.SaveChanges();
}