您可以使用下面的代码来检查是否启用gps提供程序和网络提供程序。

LocationManager lm = (LocationManager)context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
boolean gps_enabled = false;
boolean network_enabled = false;

try {
    gps_enabled = lm.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
} catch(Exception ex) {}

try {
    network_enabled = lm.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
} catch(Exception ex) {}

if(!gps_enabled && !network_enabled) {
    // notify user
    new AlertDialog.Builder(context)
        .setMessage(R.string.gps_network_not_enabled)
        .setPositiveButton(R.string.open_location_settings, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface paramDialogInterface, int paramInt) {
                context.startActivity(new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS));
            }
        })
        .setNegativeButton(R.string.Cancel,null)
        .show();    
}

在清单文件中，您需要添加以下权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>

我使用下面的代码来检查:

public static boolean isLocationEnabled(Context context) {
    int locationMode = 0;
    String locationProviders;

    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT){
        try {
            locationMode = Settings.Secure.getInt(context.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.LOCATION_MODE);

        } catch (SettingNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }

        return locationMode != Settings.Secure.LOCATION_MODE_OFF;

    }else{
        locationProviders = Settings.Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.LOCATION_PROVIDERS_ALLOWED);
        return !TextUtils.isEmpty(locationProviders);
    }


} 

你可以请求位置更新并同时显示对话框，就像GoogleMaps一样。代码如下:

googleApiClient = new GoogleApiClient.Builder(getActivity())
                .addApi(LocationServices.API)
                .addConnectionCallbacks(this)
                .addOnConnectionFailedListener(this).build();
googleApiClient.connect();

LocationRequest locationRequest = LocationRequest.create();
locationRequest.setPriority(LocationRequest.PRIORITY_HIGH_ACCURACY);
locationRequest.setInterval(30 * 1000);
locationRequest.setFastestInterval(5 * 1000);
LocationSettingsRequest.Builder builder = new LocationSettingsRequest.Builder()
                    .addLocationRequest(locationRequest);

builder.setAlwaysShow(true); //this is the key ingredient

PendingResult<LocationSettingsResult> result = LocationServices.SettingsApi.checkLocationSettings(googleApiClient, builder.build());
result.setResultCallback(new ResultCallback<LocationSettingsResult>() {
    @Override
    public void onResult(LocationSettingsResult result) {
        final Status status = result.getStatus();
        final LocationSettingsStates state = result.getLocationSettingsStates();
        switch (status.getStatusCode()) {
            case LocationSettingsStatusCodes.SUCCESS:
                // All location settings are satisfied. The client can initialize location
                // requests here.
                break;
            case LocationSettingsStatusCodes.RESOLUTION_REQUIRED:
                // Location settings are not satisfied. But could be fixed by showing the user
                // a dialog.
                try {
                    // Show the dialog by calling startResolutionForResult(),
                    // and check the result in onActivityResult().
                    status.startResolutionForResult(getActivity(), 1000);
                } catch (IntentSender.SendIntentException ignored) {}
                break;
            case LocationSettingsStatusCodes.SETTINGS_CHANGE_UNAVAILABLE:
                // Location settings are not satisfied. However, we have no way to fix the
                // settings so we won't show the dialog.
                break;
            }
        }
    });
}

如果需要更多信息，请检查LocationRequest类。

到2020年

最近，最好和最短的方法是

@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public static Boolean isLocationEnabled(Context context) {
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.P) {
        // This is a new method provided in API 28
        LocationManager lm = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
        return lm.isLocationEnabled();
    } else {
        // This was deprecated in API 28
        int mode = Settings.Secure.getInt(context.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.LOCATION_MODE,
                Settings.Secure.LOCATION_MODE_OFF);
        return (mode != Settings.Secure.LOCATION_MODE_OFF);
    }
}

您可以使用此代码引导用户到设置，在那里他们可以启用GPS:

    locationManager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
    if( !locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER) ) {
        new AlertDialog.Builder(context)
            .setTitle(R.string.gps_not_found_title)  // GPS not found
            .setMessage(R.string.gps_not_found_message) // Want to enable?
            .setPositiveButton(R.string.yes, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
                    owner.startActivity(new Intent(android.provider.Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS));
                }
            })
            .setNegativeButton(R.string.no, null)
            .show();
    }

在我看来，这个if子句很容易检查位置服务是否可用:

LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
if(!locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER) && !locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER)) {
        //All location services are disabled

}