你可以在onRequestPermissionsResult()中检查shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale()。

https://youtu.be/C8lUdPVSzDk?t=2m23s

在onRequestPermissionsResult()中检查权限是否被授予。如果不是，检查shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale()。

如果此方法返回true，则说明为什么需要此特定权限。然后根据用户的选择再次请求permissions()。 如果它返回false，则显示一个错误消息，权限未授予，应用程序不能继续前进或特定功能被禁用。

下面是示例代码。

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    switch (requestCode) {
        case STORAGE_PERMISSION_REQUEST:
            if (grantResults.length > 0
                    && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                // permission was granted :)
                downloadFile();
            } else {
                // permission was not granted
                if (getActivity() == null) {
                    return;
                }
                if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(getActivity(), Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                    showStoragePermissionRationale();
                } else {
                    Snackbar snackbar = Snackbar.make(getView(), getResources().getString(R.string.message_no_storage_permission_snackbar), Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG);
                    snackbar.setAction(getResources().getString(R.string.settings), new View.OnClickListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(View v) {
                            if (getActivity() == null) {
                                return;
                            }
                            Intent intent = new Intent();
                            intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
                            Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", getActivity().getPackageName(), null);
                            intent.setData(uri);
                            OrderDetailFragment.this.startActivity(intent);
                        }
                    });
                    snackbar.show();
                }
            }
            break;
    }
}

显然，谷歌maps对位置许可正是这样做的。

请不要为这个解决办法向我扔石头。

这是可行的，但有点“俗气”。

当调用requestPermissions时，注册当前时间。

        mAskedPermissionTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

然后在onRequestPermissionsResult中

如果结果不允许，请再次检查时间。

 if (System.currentTimeMillis() - mAskedPermissionTime < 100)

由于用户不可能那么快地点击拒绝按钮，我们知道他选择了“永不再问”，因为回调是即时的。

使用风险自负。

这个示例演示了当用户选择“拒绝&不要再次询问”时如何处理

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

    registerStoragePermission()
    registerGalleryLauncher()

    registerCameraPermission()
    registerCameraLauncher()
}

private fun registerCameraPermission() {
    requestCameraPermissionLauncher =
        registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.RequestPermission()) { granted ->
            if (granted) {
                Log.d(TAG, "registerCameraPermission - Camera Permission Granted")
                openCamera()
            } else {
                Log.d(TAG, "registerCameraPermission - Camera Permission NOT Granted")
                requestCameraPermission()
            }
        }
}

private fun registerStoragePermission() {
    requestStoragePermissionLauncher =
        registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.RequestPermission()) { granted ->
            if (granted) {
                Log.d(TAG, "registerStoragePermission - Storage Permission Granted")
                viewGallery()
            } else {
                Log.d(TAG, "registerStoragePermission - Storage Permission NOT Granted")
                requestStoragePermission()
            }
        }
}

private fun registerCameraLauncher() {
    cameraLauncher =
        registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult()) { result ->
            if (result.resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
                val data: Intent? = result.data
                if (data == null) {
                    return@registerForActivityResult
                }
                val extras = data.extras
                imageBitmap = extras!!["data"] as Bitmap
                file = FileUtils.createFile(requireContext(),
                    getString(R.string.app_name),
                    "my_profile_image.png"
                )
                //FileUtils.saveBitmap(imageBitmap, file);
                val imageLocalPath = FileUtils.saveImageToInternalStorage(file, imageBitmap)

                SharedPreferencesUtils.setProfilePath(requireActivity(), imageLocalPath)
                profileFragmentBinding.imageViewCircleNoStroke.setImageBitmap(imageBitmap)
                profileFragmentBinding.imageViewCircleNoStroke.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.CENTER_CROP)
            }
        }
}

private fun registerGalleryLauncher() {
    galleryLauncher =
        registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult()) { result ->
            if (result.resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
                val data: Intent? = result.data
                if (data == null) {
                    return@registerForActivityResult
                }
                val uri = data.data
                var imageLocalPath = File(FileUtils.getPathReal(requireActivity(), uri!!))

                file = imageLocalPath.absoluteFile

                SharedPreferencesUtils.setProfilePath(requireActivity(), imageLocalPath.absolutePath)
                Glide.with(requireActivity()).load(uri)
                    .into(profileFragmentBinding.imageViewCircleNoStroke)
                profileFragmentBinding.imageViewCircleNoStroke.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.CENTER_CROP)
            }
        }
}

private fun showImageUploadOptions() {
    val mDialog = activity.let { Dialog(it!!) }
    mDialog.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE)
    mDialog.setContentView(R.layout.dialog_profile_image_option)
    mDialog.window!!.setBackgroundDrawable(ColorDrawable(Color.TRANSPARENT))
    //val mAlertMessageTv = mDialog.findViewById<View>(R.id.id_alert_tv) as TextView
    //mAlertMessageTv.text = message
    galleryLl = mDialog.findViewById<View>(R.id.id_gallery_ll) as LinearLayout
    cameraLl = mDialog.findViewById<View>(R.id.id_camera_ll) as LinearLayout
    removePhotoLl = mDialog.findViewById<View>(R.id.id_remove_photo_ll) as LinearLayout

    galleryLl.setOnClickListener {
        CallStoragePermission()
        mDialog.dismiss()
    }

    cameraLl.setOnClickListener {
        CallCameraPermission()
        mDialog.dismiss()
    }

    removePhotoLl.setOnClickListener {
        CallRemovePhoto()
        mDialog.dismiss()
    }

    mDialog.setCancelable(true)
    mDialog.show()
    val metrics = resources.displayMetrics
    val width = metrics.widthPixels
    val height = metrics.heightPixels
    mDialog.window!!.setLayout(
        width,
        LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT
    )

}

fun CallStoragePermission() {

    if (!Status_checkReadExternalStoragePermission()) {
        requestStoragePermissionLauncher.launch(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
    } else {
        viewGallery()
    }
}

private fun Status_checkReadExternalStoragePermission(): Boolean {
    val permissionState = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(
        requireActivity(),
        Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
    )
    return permissionState == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
}

private fun requestCameraPermission() {

    when {
        ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
            requireContext(),
            Manifest.permission.CAMERA
        ) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED -> {

            Log.d(TAG, "requestCameraPermission - Camera Permission Granted")
            openCamera()

            // The permission is granted
            // you can go with the flow that requires permission here
        }
        shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Manifest.permission.CAMERA) -> {
            // This case means user previously denied the permission
            // So here we can display an explanation to the user
            // That why exactly we need this permission
            Log.d(TAG, "requestCameraPermission - Camera Permission NOT Granted")
            showPermissionAlert(
                getString(R.string.camera_permission),
                getString(R.string.camera_permission_denied),
                getString(R.string.ok_caps),
                getString(R.string.cancel_caps)
            ) { requestCameraPermissionLauncher.launch(Manifest.permission.CAMERA) }
        }
        else -> {
            // Everything is fine you can simply request the permission

            showPermissionAlert(
                getString(R.string.camera_permission),
                getString(R.string.camera_permission_denied),
                getString(R.string.settings_caps),
                getString(R.string.cancel_caps)
            ) {
                val intent = Intent()
                intent.action = Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS
                val uri = Uri.fromParts(
                    "package",
                    BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID, null
                )
                intent.data = uri
                intent.flags = Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK
                startActivity(intent)
            }

        }
    }
}


private fun requestStoragePermission() {

    when {
        ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
            requireContext(),
            Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
        ) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED -> {

            Log.d(TAG, "requestStoragePermission - Storage Permission Granted")
            viewGallery()

            // The permission is granted
            // you can go with the flow that requires permission here
        }
        shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) -> {
            // This case means user previously denied the permission
            // So here we can display an explanation to the user
            // That why exactly we need this permission
            Log.d(TAG, "requestStoragePermission - Storage Permission NOT Granted")
            showPermissionAlert(
                getString(R.string.read_storage_permission_required),
                getString(R.string.storage_permission_denied),
                getString(R.string.ok_caps),
                getString(R.string.cancel_caps)
            ) { requestStoragePermissionLauncher.launch(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) }
        }
        else -> {
            // Everything is fine you can simply request the permission

            showPermissionAlert(
                getString(R.string.read_storage_permission_required),
                getString(R.string.storage_permission_denied),
                getString(R.string.settings_caps),
                getString(R.string.cancel_caps)
            ) {
                val intent = Intent()
                intent.action = Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS
                val uri = Uri.fromParts(
                    "package",
                    BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID, null
                )
                intent.data = uri
                intent.flags = Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK
                startActivity(intent)
            }

        }
    }
}

private fun showPermissionAlert(
    title: String,
    message: String,
    ok: String,
    cancel: String,
    function: () -> Unit
) {
    val mDialog = requireActivity().let { Dialog(it) }
    mDialog.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE)
    mDialog.setContentView(R.layout.dialog_permission_alert)
    mDialog.window!!.setBackgroundDrawable(ColorDrawable(Color.TRANSPARENT))

    val mTitleTv = mDialog.findViewById<View>(R.id.id_title_tv) as AppCompatTextView
    mTitleTv.text = title

    val mMessageTv = mDialog.findViewById<View>(R.id.id_message_tv) as AppCompatTextView
    mMessageTv.text = message

    val mNoBtn = mDialog.findViewById<View>(R.id.no_btn) as AppCompatTextView
    mNoBtn.text = cancel

    val mYesBtn = mDialog.findViewById<View>(R.id.yes_btn) as AppCompatTextView
    mYesBtn.text = ok

    mYesBtn.setOnClickListener {
        function.invoke()
        mDialog.dismiss()
    }

    mNoBtn.setOnClickListener { mDialog.dismiss() }

    mDialog.setCancelable(true)
    mDialog.show()
    val metrics = resources.displayMetrics
    val width = metrics.widthPixels
    val height = metrics.heightPixels
    mDialog.window!!.setLayout(
        width,
        LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT
    )
}

fun viewGallery() {
    val intentDocument = Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT)
    intentDocument.type = "image/*"
    intentDocument.putExtra(
        Constants.REQUEST_CODE,
        Constants.REQUEST_PHOTO_FROM_GALLERY
    )
    galleryLauncher.launch(intentDocument)
}

fun openCamera() {
    val takePictureIntent = Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE)
    takePictureIntent.putExtra(
        Constants.REQUEST_CODE,
        Constants.REQUEST_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_CODE_CAMERA
    )
    cameraLauncher.launch(takePictureIntent)
}

fun CallCameraPermission() {
    if (!Status_checkCameraPermission()) {
        requestCameraPermissionLauncher.launch(Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
    } else {
        openCamera()
    }
}

private fun Status_checkCameraPermission(): Boolean {
    val camera = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(
        requireActivity(),
        Manifest.permission.CAMERA
    )

    return camera == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
}

我在Android m中写了一个权限请求的简写，这段代码还处理了对旧Android版本的向后兼容性。

所有丑陋的代码都被提取到一个片段中，该片段将自己附加到请求权限的活动上。PermissionRequestManager的使用方法如下:

new PermissionRequestManager()
        // We need a AppCompatActivity here, if you are not using support libraries you will have to slightly change 
        // the PermissionReuqestManager class
        .withActivity(this)

        // List all permissions you need
        .withPermissions(android.Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE, android.Manifest.permission.READ_CALENDAR)

        // This Runnable is called whenever the request was successfull
        .withSuccessHandler(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                // Do something with your permissions!
                // This is called after the user has granted all 
                // permissions, we are one a older platform where 
                // the user does not need to grant permissions 
                // manually, or all permissions are already granted

            }
        })

        // Optional, called when the user did not grant all permissions
        .withFailureHandler(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                // This is called if the user has rejected one or all of the requested permissions
                L.e(this.getClass().getSimpleName(), "Unable to request permission");

            }
        })

        // After calling this, the user is prompted to grant the rights
        .request();

来看看:https://gist.github.com/crysxd/385b57d74045a8bd67c4110c34ab74aa

你可以使用

shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale()

内部

onRequestPermissionsResult()

请看下面的例子:

当用户点击按钮时检查是否有权限:

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
    if (v.getId() == R.id.appCompatBtn_changeProfileCoverPhoto) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 23) { // API < 23 don't need to ask permission
            navigateTo(MainActivity.class); // Navigate to activity to change photos
        } else {
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(SettingsActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
                    != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                // Permission is not granted yet. Ask for permission...
                requestWriteExternalPermission();
            } else {
                // Permission is already granted, good to go :)
                navigateTo(MainActivity.class);
            }
        } 
    }
}

当用户回答权限对话框时，我们将进入onRequestPermissionResult:

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

    if (requestCode == WRITE_EXTERNAL_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE) {
        // Case 1. Permission is granted.  
        if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {  
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(SettingsActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
                    == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                // Before navigating, I still check one more time the permission for good practice.
                navigateTo(MainActivity.class);
            }
        } else { // Case 2. Permission was refused
            if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
                // Case 2.1. shouldShowRequest... returns true because the
                // permission was denied before. If it is the first time the app is running we will 
                // end up in this part of the code. Because he need to deny at least once to get 
                // to onRequestPermissionsResult. 
                Snackbar snackbar = Snackbar.make(findViewById(R.id.relLayout_container), R.string.you_must_verify_permissions_to_send_media, Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG);
                snackbar.setAction("VERIFY", new View.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(View v) {
                        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(SettingsActivity.this
                                , new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}
                                , WRITE_EXTERNAL_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
                    }
                });
                snackbar.show();
            } else {
                // Case 2.2. Permission was already denied and the user checked "Never ask again". 
                // Navigate user to settings if he choose to allow this time.
                AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
                builder.setMessage(R.string.instructions_to_turn_on_storage_permission)
                        .setPositiveButton(getString(R.string.settings), new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                                Intent settingsIntent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
                                Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", getPackageName(), null);
                                settingsIntent.setData(uri);
                                startActivityForResult(settingsIntent, 7);
                            }
                        })
                        .setNegativeButton(getString(R.string.not_now), null);
                Dialog dialog = builder.create();
                dialog.show();
            }
        }
    }

}

我发现这个问题的方法对我来说有点新鲜。我必须保留一个参考，如果用户曾经选择了一个决定。通过这种方式，如果权限没有被授予，我可以告诉用户是第一次在那里，并且应该提示看到权限弹出，或者用户暂时或永久地拒绝它。

psudocode:

if( granted ) {
 // you are set
} else if( requiresRationale() ) {
 // in the ui let the user know he has to tap and launch permission
 button.onSetClickListener { requestPermission() }
} else if( sharedPreferences.getBoolean("permission", false) ) {
  // so user has already decided to deny permission, then it is permanent
  launchAppSettings()
} else {
  // user's first encounter, request permission
  requestPermission()
}

演示文件以GIF格式附在自述文件中。 https://github.com/juanmendez/android-sdk-updates/tree/api/android-permissions/single