根据这个:http://developer.android.com/preview/features/runtime-permissions.html#coding一个应用程序可以检查运行时权限和请求权限,如果它还没有被授予。弹出如下对话框:
如果用户拒绝一个重要的权限,在我看来,应用程序应该显示一个解释为什么需要权限和什么影响拒绝。该对话框有两个选项:
重试(再次请求许可)
拒绝(应用程序将工作没有该许可)。
但是,如果用户选中“Never ask again”,则不应该显示带有解释的第二个对话框,特别是如果用户之前已经拒绝了一次。
现在的问题是:我的应用程序如何知道用户是否选中了Never ask again?IMO onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults)没有给我这个信息。
第二个问题是:谷歌是否计划在权限对话框中包含一个自定义消息,以解释为什么应用程序需要权限?这样就不会出现第二个对话框,这肯定会带来更好的用户体验。
这里有一个很好的和简单的方法来检查当前的权限状态:
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
@IntDef({GRANTED, DENIED, BLOCKED_OR_NEVER_ASKED })
public @interface PermissionStatus {}
public static final int GRANTED = 0;
public static final int DENIED = 1;
public static final int BLOCKED_OR_NEVER_ASKED = 2;
@PermissionStatus
public static int getPermissionStatus(Activity activity, String androidPermissionName) {
if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, androidPermissionName) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
if(!ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, androidPermissionName)){
return BLOCKED_OR_NEVER_ASKED;
}
return DENIED;
}
return GRANTED;
}
警告:在用户通过用户提示接受/拒绝权限之前,在第一个应用程序启动时返回BLOCKED_OR_NEVER_ASKED(在sdk 23+设备上)
更新:
Android支持库现在似乎也有一个非常类似的类Android .support.v4.content。PermissionChecker,包含checkSelfPermission(),返回:
public static final int PERMISSION_GRANTED = 0;
public static final int PERMISSION_DENIED = -1;
public static final int PERMISSION_DENIED_APP_OP = -2;
你可以在onRequestPermissionsResult()中检查shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale()。
https://youtu.be/C8lUdPVSzDk?t=2m23s
在onRequestPermissionsResult()中检查权限是否被授予。如果不是,检查shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale()。
如果此方法返回true,则说明为什么需要此特定权限。然后根据用户的选择再次请求permissions()。
如果它返回false,则显示一个错误消息,权限未授予,应用程序不能继续前进或特定功能被禁用。
下面是示例代码。
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
switch (requestCode) {
case STORAGE_PERMISSION_REQUEST:
if (grantResults.length > 0
&& grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// permission was granted :)
downloadFile();
} else {
// permission was not granted
if (getActivity() == null) {
return;
}
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(getActivity(), Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
showStoragePermissionRationale();
} else {
Snackbar snackbar = Snackbar.make(getView(), getResources().getString(R.string.message_no_storage_permission_snackbar), Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG);
snackbar.setAction(getResources().getString(R.string.settings), new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (getActivity() == null) {
return;
}
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", getActivity().getPackageName(), null);
intent.setData(uri);
OrderDetailFragment.this.startActivity(intent);
}
});
snackbar.show();
}
}
break;
}
}
显然,谷歌maps对位置许可正是这样做的。
OnRequestPermissionResult-free和shouldshowrequestpermissionrationalfree方法:
public static void requestDangerousPermission(AppCompatActivity activity, String permission) {
if (hasPermission(activity, permission)) return;
requestPermission();
new Handler().postDelayed(() -> {
if (activity.getLifecycle().getCurrentState() == Lifecycle.State.RESUMED) {
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + context.getPackageName()));
context.startActivity(intent);
}
}, 250);
}
如果没有权限弹出,250ms后打开设备设置(如果选择了“Never ask again”,就是这种情况)。
扩展上面mVck的答案,下面的逻辑确定是否“Never ask again”已经为给定的权限请求进行了检查:
bool bStorage = grantResults[0] == Permission.Granted;
bool bNeverAskForStorage =
!bStorage && (
_bStorageRationaleBefore == true && _bStorageRationaleAfter == false ||
_bStorageRationaleBefore == false && _bStorageRationaleAfter == false
);
摘自下面(完整的例子见这个答案)
private bool _bStorageRationaleBefore;
private bool _bStorageRationaleAfter;
private const int ANDROID_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE__SDCARD = 2;
//private const int ANDROID_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE__CAMERA = 1;
private const int ANDROID_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE__NONE = 0;
public override void OnRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, string[] permissions, [GeneratedEnum] Permission[] grantResults)
{
base.OnRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
switch (requestCode)
{
case ANDROID_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE__SDCARD:
_bStorageRationaleAfter = ShouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Android.Manifest.Permission.WriteExternalStorage);
bool bStorage = grantResults[0] == Permission.Granted;
bool bNeverAskForStorage =
!bStorage && (
_bStorageRationaleBefore == true && _bStorageRationaleAfter == false ||
_bStorageRationaleBefore == false && _bStorageRationaleAfter == false
);
break;
}
}
private List<string> GetRequiredPermissions(out int requestCode)
{
// Android v6 requires explicit permission granting from user at runtime for security reasons
requestCode = ANDROID_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE__NONE; // 0
List<string> requiredPermissions = new List<string>();
_bStorageRationaleBefore = ShouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Android.Manifest.Permission.WriteExternalStorage);
Permission writeExternalStoragePerm = ApplicationContext.CheckSelfPermission(Android.Manifest.Permission.WriteExternalStorage);
//if(extStoragePerm == Permission.Denied)
if (writeExternalStoragePerm != Permission.Granted)
{
requestCode |= ANDROID_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE__SDCARD;
requiredPermissions.Add(Android.Manifest.Permission.WriteExternalStorage);
}
return requiredPermissions;
}
protected override void OnCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
base.OnCreate(savedInstanceState);
// Android v6 requires explicit permission granting from user at runtime for security reasons
int requestCode;
List<string> requiredPermissions = GetRequiredPermissions(out requestCode);
if (requiredPermissions != null && requiredPermissions.Count > 0)
{
if (requestCode >= ANDROID_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE__SDCARD)
{
_savedInstanceState = savedInstanceState;
RequestPermissions(requiredPermissions.ToArray(), requestCode);
return;
}
}
}
OnCreate2(savedInstanceState);
}
请不要为这个解决办法向我扔石头。
这是可行的,但有点“俗气”。
当调用requestPermissions时,注册当前时间。
mAskedPermissionTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
然后在onRequestPermissionsResult中
如果结果不允许,请再次检查时间。
if (System.currentTimeMillis() - mAskedPermissionTime < 100)
由于用户不可能那么快地点击拒绝按钮,我们知道他选择了“永不再问”,因为回调是即时的。
使用风险自负。
相反,你会收到回调onRequestPermissionsResult()作为PERMISSION_DENIED当你再次请求权限时,而落在shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale()的错误条件下
来自Android文档:
When the system asks the user to grant a permission, the user has the option of telling the system not to ask for that permission again. In that case, any time an app uses requestPermissions() to ask for that permission again, the system immediately denies the request. The system calls your onRequestPermissionsResult() callback method and passes PERMISSION_DENIED, the same way it would if the user had explicitly rejected your request again. This means that when you call requestPermissions(), you cannot assume that any direct interaction with the user has taken place.