这里有一个很好的和简单的方法来检查当前的权限状态:

    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
    @IntDef({GRANTED, DENIED, BLOCKED_OR_NEVER_ASKED })
    public @interface PermissionStatus {}

    public static final int GRANTED = 0;
    public static final int DENIED = 1;
    public static final int BLOCKED_OR_NEVER_ASKED = 2;

    @PermissionStatus 
    public static int getPermissionStatus(Activity activity, String androidPermissionName) {
        if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, androidPermissionName) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            if(!ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, androidPermissionName)){
                return BLOCKED_OR_NEVER_ASKED;
            }
            return DENIED;
        }
        return GRANTED;
    }

警告:在用户通过用户提示接受/拒绝权限之前，在第一个应用程序启动时返回BLOCKED_OR_NEVER_ASKED(在sdk 23+设备上)

更新:

Android支持库现在似乎也有一个非常类似的类Android .support.v4.content。PermissionChecker，包含checkSelfPermission()，返回:

public static final int PERMISSION_GRANTED = 0;
public static final int PERMISSION_DENIED = -1;
public static final int PERMISSION_DENIED_APP_OP = -2;

开发者预览2对应用程序请求权限的方式进行了一些更改(参见http://developer.android.com/preview/support.html#preview2-notes)。

第一个对话框现在看起来像这样:

没有“永不再次显示”复选框(不像开发人员预览1)。如果用户拒绝权限，如果权限是必不可少的应用程序，它可以显示另一个对话框来解释应用程序请求该权限的原因，例如:

如果用户再次拒绝，应用程序应该关闭(如果它绝对需要该权限)或继续运行有限的功能。如果用户重新考虑(并选择重试)，则再次请求权限。这次的提示符是这样的:

第二次显示“永不再问”复选框。如果用户再次拒绝并且勾选复选框，就不会再发生任何事情。 是否勾选复选框可以通过使用Activity.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(String)来确定，例如:

if (shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS)) {...

这就是Android文档所说的(https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html):

To help find the situations where you need to provide extra explanation, the system provides the Activity.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(String) method. This method returns true if the app has requested this permission previously and the user denied the request. That indicates that you should probably explain to the user why you need the permission. If the user turned down the permission request in the past and chose the Don't ask again option in the permission request system dialog, this method returns false. The method also returns false if the device policy prohibits the app from having that permission.

要知道用户是否拒绝了“never ask again”，你可以再次检查你的onRequestPermissionsResult中的shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale方法，当用户没有授予权限时。

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
    if (requestCode == REQUEST_PERMISSION) {
        // for each permission check if the user granted/denied them
        // you may want to group the rationale in a single dialog,
        // this is just an example
        for (int i = 0, len = permissions.length; i < len; i++) {
            String permission = permissions[i];
            if (grantResults[i] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
            // user rejected the permission
                boolean showRationale = shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale( permission );
                if (! showRationale) {
                    // user also CHECKED "never ask again"
                    // you can either enable some fall back,
                    // disable features of your app
                    // or open another dialog explaining
                    // again the permission and directing to
                    // the app setting
                } else if (Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS.equals(permission)) {
                    showRationale(permission, R.string.permission_denied_contacts);
                    // user did NOT check "never ask again"
                    // this is a good place to explain the user
                    // why you need the permission and ask if he wants
                    // to accept it (the rationale)
                } else if ( /* possibly check more permissions...*/ ) {
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

你可以用下面的代码打开你的应用程序设置:

Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", getPackageName(), null);
intent.setData(uri);
startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_PERMISSION_SETTING);

无法将用户直接发送到授权页面。

一个有用的函数来确定任意权限是否被阻止请求(在Kotlin中):

private fun isPermissionBlockedFromAsking(activity: Activity, permission: String): Boolean {
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
        return ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
            && !activity.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permission)
            && PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(activity).getBoolean(permission, false)
    }
    return false
}

当你第一次请求一个权限时，需要设置一个共享首选项布尔值为true，其中包含你想要的权限名称(例如android.Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)。

解释:

Build.VERSION。SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES。因为有些代码只能在API级别23+上运行。

ContextCompat。checkSelfPermission(activity, permission) != PackageManager。permission_granting检查我们还没有权限。

activity.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permission)来检查用户是否再次拒绝了应用程序的请求。由于这个函数的特性，还需要下面这行代码。

PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(活动)。getBoolean(permission, false)用于区分“Never asked”和“Never ask again”状态(以及在第一次权限请求时将值设置为true)，因为前一行不会返回此信息。

我发现这个问题的方法对我来说有点新鲜。我必须保留一个参考，如果用户曾经选择了一个决定。通过这种方式，如果权限没有被授予，我可以告诉用户是第一次在那里，并且应该提示看到权限弹出，或者用户暂时或永久地拒绝它。

psudocode:

if( granted ) {
 // you are set
} else if( requiresRationale() ) {
 // in the ui let the user know he has to tap and launch permission
 button.onSetClickListener { requestPermission() }
} else if( sharedPreferences.getBoolean("permission", false) ) {
  // so user has already decided to deny permission, then it is permanent
  launchAppSettings()
} else {
  // user's first encounter, request permission
  requestPermission()
}

演示文件以GIF格式附在自述文件中。 https://github.com/juanmendez/android-sdk-updates/tree/api/android-permissions/single

一旦用户标记了“不要再问”，该问题就不能再次显示。 但是可以向用户解释，他之前拒绝了权限，必须在设置中授予权限。并参考他的设置，使用以下代码:

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int permsRequestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {

    if (grantResults.length > 0
            && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
        // now, you have permission go ahead
        // TODO: something

    } else {

        if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(MainActivity.this,
                Manifest.permission.READ_CALL_LOG)) {
            // now, user has denied permission (but not permanently!)

        } else {

            // now, user has denied permission permanently!

            Snackbar snackbar = Snackbar.make(findViewById(android.R.id.content), "You have previously declined this permission.\n" +
                "You must approve this permission in \"Permissions\" in the app settings on your device.", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG).setAction("Settings", new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {

                startActivity(new Intent(android.provider.Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS, Uri.parse("package:" + BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID)));

            }
        });
        View snackbarView = snackbar.getView();
        TextView textView = (TextView) snackbarView.findViewById(android.support.design.R.id.snackbar_text);
        textView.setMaxLines(5);  //Or as much as you need
        snackbar.show();

        }

    }
    return;
}

shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale根据之前权限请求中的用户首选项返回true或false。

如果用户只是拒绝权限(不是永远)shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale将返回true。如果永远拒绝许可，则返回false。窍门是即使用户允许了权限shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale也会返回false。

因此，我们可以结合这两个条件来得到永不再问的选择与否。

因此，如果用户不允许权限，并且shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale返回false，那么这意味着用户选择永远不会再次请求权限。

https://stackoverflow.com/a/58114769/5151336