当使用守护满足条件时，它将在守护块中声明的变量暴露给代码块的其余部分，将它们带入其作用域。如前所述，这将在嵌套的if let语句中派上用场。

注意，guard在其else语句中要求return或throw。

使用Guard解析JSON

下面是一个如何使用guard而不是if-let解析JSON对象的示例。这是一篇博客文章的节选，其中包括一个playground文件，你可以在这里找到:

如何使用守卫在Swift 2解析JSON

func parseJSONWithGuard(data : [String : AnyObject]) throws -> Developer {

    guard let firstname = data["First"] as? String  else {
        return Developer() // we could return a nil Developer()
    }

    guard let lastname = data["Last"] as? String else {
        throw ParseError.BadName // or we could throw a custom exception and handle the error
    }

    guard let website = data["WebSite"] as? String else {
        throw ParseError.BadName
    }

    guard let iosDev = data["iosDeveloper"] as? Bool else {
        throw ParseError.BadName
    }



    return Developer(first: firstname, last: lastname, site: website, ios: iosDev)

}

下载操场:守卫操场

更多信息:

以下是Swift编程语言指南的节选:

If the guard statement’s condition is met, code execution continues after the guard statement’s closing brace. Any variables or constants that were assigned values using an optional binding as part of the condition are available for the rest of the code block that the guard statement appears in. If that condition is not met, the code inside the else branch is executed. That branch must transfer control to exit the code block that that guard statement appears in. It can do this with a control transfer statement such as return, break, or continue, or it can call a function or method that doesn’t return, such as fatalError().

一个好处是消除了大量嵌套的if let语句。请在15:30左右观看WWDC“Swift新功能”视频，其中一节名为“末日金字塔”。

与if不同，guard创建的变量可以从其块外访问。打开大量的可选项是有用的。

警卫的陈述就要做了。这是两个不同的问题

1)它允许我减少嵌套的if语句 2)它是增加我的范围，我的变量可访问

if语句

func doTatal(num1 : Int?, num2: Int?) {
  // nested if statement
    if let fistNum = num1 where num1 > 0 {
        if let lastNum = num2 where num2 < 50 {

          let total = fistNum + lastNum
        }
    }
 // don't allow me to access out of the scope 
 //total = fistNum + lastNum 
}

保安声明

func doTatal(num1 : Int?, num2: Int?) {
   //reduce  nested if statement and check positive way not negative way 
    guard let fistNum = num1 where num1 > 0 else{
      return
    }
    guard  let lastNum = num2 where num2 < 50 else {
     return
    }
    // increase my scope which my variable accessible
    let total = fistNum + lastNum

}

简单地说，它提供了一种在执行之前验证字段的方法。这是一种很好的编程风格，因为它增强了可读性。在其他语言中，它可能是这样的:

func doSomething() {
    if something == nil {
        // return, break, throw error, etc.
    }
    ...
}

但是因为Swift为你提供了可选项，我们不能检查它是否为nil并将其值赋值给一个变量。相反，if let检查它不是nil，并分配一个变量来保存实际值。这就是警卫发挥作用的地方。它为您提供了一种更简洁的方式，可以使用可选项提前退出。

它确实使具有多个查找和可选项的序列流更加简洁和清晰，并减少了大量if嵌套。参见Erica Sadun关于替换if的帖子. ....可能会忘乎所以，下面是一个例子:

    let filteredLinks = locationsLinkedToList.filter({$0.actionVerb == movementCommand})
    guard let foundLink = filteredLinks.first else {return ("<Person> cannot go in that direction.", nil, nil)}
    guard filteredLinks.count == 1 else {return ("<Person> cannot decide which route to take.", nil, nil)}
    guard let nextLocation = foundLink.toLocation else {return ("<Person> cannot go in that direction.", nil, nil)}

看看能不能坚持下去。