我曾多次被那些编写自己的路径篡改函数并出错的人所困扰。空格、斜杠、反斜杠、冒号——造成混淆的可能性不是无穷尽的，但无论如何都很容易犯错误。所以我很坚持使用操作系统。路径，并在此基础上推荐它。

(However, the path to virtue is not the one most easily taken, and many people when finding this are tempted to take a slippery path straight to damnation. They won't realise until one day everything falls to pieces, and they -- or, more likely, somebody else -- has to work out why everything has gone wrong, and it turns out somebody made a filename that mixes slashes and backslashes -- and some person suggests that the answer is "not to do that". Don't be any of these people. Except for the one who mixed up slashes and backslashes -- you could be them if you like.)

你可以像这样获得驱动器和路径+文件:

drive, path_and_file = os.path.splitdrive(path)

获取路径和文件:

path, file = os.path.split(path_and_file)

获取单个文件夹名称并不是特别方便，但这是一种诚实的中等不舒服，这增加了后来发现一些实际工作良好的东西的乐趣:

folders = []
while 1:
    path, folder = os.path.split(path)

    if folder != "":
        folders.append(folder)
    elif path != "":
        folders.append(path)

        break

folders.reverse()

(如果路径原本是绝对路径，则会在文件夹的开头弹出“\”。如果你不想这样做，你可能会丢失一些代码。)

在Python >=3.4中，这变得简单得多。您现在可以使用pathlib.Path.parts来获取路径的所有部分。

例子:

>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> Path('C:/path/to/file.txt').parts
('C:\\', 'path', 'to', 'file.txt')
>>> Path(r'C:\path\to\file.txt').parts
('C:\\', 'path', 'to', 'file.txt')

在Python 3的Windows安装上，这将假设您使用的是Windows路径，而在*nix上，它将假设您使用的是posix路径。这通常是你想要的，但如果不是，你可以使用类pathlib。PurePosixPath或pathlib。PureWindowsPath:

>>> from pathlib import PurePosixPath, PureWindowsPath
>>> PurePosixPath('/path/to/file.txt').parts
('/', 'path', 'to', 'file.txt')
>>> PureWindowsPath(r'C:\path\to\file.txt').parts
('C:\\', 'path', 'to', 'file.txt')
>>> PureWindowsPath(r'\\host\share\path\to\file.txt').parts
('\\\\host\\share\\', 'path', 'to', 'file.txt')

编辑: 还有一个python 2的反向端口:pathlib2

from os import path as os_path

然后

def split_path_iter(string, lst):
    head, tail = os_path.split(string)
    if head == '':
        return [string] + lst
    else:
        return split_path_iter(head, [tail] + lst)

def split_path(string):
    return split_path_iter(string, [])

或者，受以上答案启发(更优雅):

def split_path(string):
    head, tail = os_path.split(string)
    if head == '':
        return [string]
    else:
        return split_path(head) + [tail]

非常简单的方法:

var.replace ('\\', '/'). split(“/”)

Re.split()比string.split()更有帮助

import re    
var = "d:\stuff\morestuff\furtherdown\THEFILE.txt"
re.split( r'[\\/]', var )
['d:', 'stuff', 'morestuff', 'furtherdown', 'THEFILE.txt']

如果你还想支持Linux和Mac路径，只需添加filter(None,result)，这样它就会从split()中删除不需要的"，因为它们的路径以'/'或'//'开头。例如'//mount/…'/var/tmp/'

import re    
var = "/var/stuff/morestuff/furtherdown/THEFILE.txt"
result = re.split( r'[\\/]', var )
filter( None, result )
['var', 'stuff', 'morestuff', 'furtherdown', 'THEFILE.txt']

调整了@Mike Robins在开始时避免空路径元素的解决方案:

def parts(path):
    p,f = os.path.split(os.path.normpath(path))
    return parts(p) + [f] if f and p else [p] if p else []

Os.path.normpath()实际上只需要一次，并且可以在递归的单独入口函数中完成。