目前列出给定包中所有类的最健壮的机制是ClassGraph，因为它处理尽可能广泛的类路径规范机制，包括新的JPMS模块系统。(我是作者。)

List<String> classNames = new ArrayList<>();
try (ScanResult scanResult = new ClassGraph().acceptPackages("my.package")
        .enableClassInfo().scan()) {
    classNames.addAll(scanResult.getAllClasses().getNames());
}

几乎所有的答案要么使用reflection，要么从文件系统读取类文件。如果尝试从文件系统读取类，则在将应用程序打包为JAR或其他格式时可能会出错。此外，您可能不想为此目的使用单独的库。

这里有另一种方法，它是纯java，不依赖于文件系统。

import javax.tools.JavaFileObject;
import javax.tools.StandardJavaFileManager;
import javax.tools.StandardLocation;
import javax.tools.ToolProvider;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;

public class PackageUtil {

    public static Collection<Class> getClasses(final String pack) throws Exception {
        final StandardJavaFileManager fileManager = ToolProvider.getSystemJavaCompiler().getStandardFileManager(null, null, null);
        return StreamSupport.stream(fileManager.list(StandardLocation.CLASS_PATH, pack, Collections.singleton(JavaFileObject.Kind.CLASS), false).spliterator(), false)
                .map(javaFileObject -> {
                    try {
                        final String[] split = javaFileObject.getName()
                                .replace(".class", "")
                                .replace(")", "")
                                .split(Pattern.quote(File.separator));

                        final String fullClassName = pack + "." + split[split.length - 1];
                        return Class.forName(fullClassName);
                    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                    }

                })
                .collect(Collectors.toCollection(ArrayList::new));
    }
}

Java 8不是必须的。你可以使用for循环代替流。 你可以这样测试

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    final String pack = "java.nio.file"; // Or any other package
    PackageUtil.getClasses(pack).stream().forEach(System.out::println);
}

FindAllClassesUsingPlainJavaReflectionTest.java

@Slf4j
class FindAllClassesUsingPlainJavaReflectionTest {

  private static final Function<Throwable, RuntimeException> asRuntimeException = throwable -> {
    log.error(throwable.getLocalizedMessage());
    return new RuntimeException(throwable);
  };

  private static final Function<String, Collection<Class<?>>> findAllPackageClasses = basePackageName -> {

    Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
    Charset charset = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
    val fileManager = ToolProvider.getSystemJavaCompiler()
                                  .getStandardFileManager(/* diagnosticListener */ null, locale, charset);

    StandardLocation location = StandardLocation.CLASS_PATH;
    JavaFileObject.Kind kind = JavaFileObject.Kind.CLASS;
    Set<JavaFileObject.Kind> kinds = Collections.singleton(kind);
    val javaFileObjects = Try.of(() -> fileManager.list(location, basePackageName, kinds, /* recurse */ true))
                             .getOrElseThrow(asRuntimeException);

    String pathToPackageAndClass = basePackageName.replace(".", File.separator);
    Function<String, String> mapToClassName = s -> {
      String prefix = Arrays.stream(s.split(pathToPackageAndClass))
                            .findFirst()
                            .orElse("");
      return s.replaceFirst(prefix, "")
              .replaceAll(File.separator, ".");
    };

    return StreamSupport.stream(javaFileObjects.spliterator(), /* parallel */ true)
                        .filter(javaFileObject -> javaFileObject.getKind().equals(kind))
                        .map(FileObject::getName)
                        .map(fileObjectName -> fileObjectName.replace(".class", ""))
                        .map(mapToClassName)
                        .map(className -> Try.of(() -> Class.forName(className))
                                             .getOrElseThrow(asRuntimeException))
                        .collect(Collectors.toList());
  };

  @Test
  @DisplayName("should get classes recursively in given package")
  void test() {
    Collection<Class<?>> classes = findAllPackageClasses.apply(getClass().getPackage().getName());
    assertThat(classes).hasSizeGreaterThan(4);
    classes.stream().map(String::valueOf).forEach(log::info);
  }
}

PS:为了简化处理错误的样板文件等，我在这里使用了vavr和lombok库

其他实现可以在我的GitHub daggerok/java-reflection-find- annotation -classes-or-methods repo中找到

不使用任何额外的库:

package test;

import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        List<Class> classes = getClasses(Test.class.getClassLoader(),"test");
        for(Class c:classes){
            System.out.println("Class: "+c);
        }
    }

    public static List<Class> getClasses(ClassLoader cl,String pack) throws Exception{

        String dottedPackage = pack.replaceAll("[/]", ".");
        List<Class> classes = new ArrayList<Class>();
        URL upackage = cl.getResource(pack);

        DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream((InputStream) upackage.getContent());
        String line = null;
        while ((line = dis.readLine()) != null) {
            if(line.endsWith(".class")) {
               classes.add(Class.forName(dottedPackage+"."+line.substring(0,line.lastIndexOf('.'))));
            }
        }
        return classes;
    }
}

值得一提的

如果你想要一个包下所有类的列表，你可以用下面的方式使用Reflection:

List<Class> myTypes = new ArrayList<>();

Reflections reflections = new Reflections("com.package");
for (String s : reflections.getStore().get(SubTypesScanner.class).values()) {
    myTypes.add(Class.forName(s));
}

这将创建一个类列表，稍后您可以随心所欲地使用它们。

在包测试中定义要扫描的类

package test;

public class A {
  private class B {}

  enum C {}

  record D() {}
}

对于org.reflections:reflections:0.10.2，它为我工作如下:

使用反射库扫描包测试中的类

@Test
void t() {
  final String packagePath = "test";
  final Reflections reflections =
    new Reflections(packagePath, Scanners.SubTypes.filterResultsBy(v -> true));
  reflections.getAll(Scanners.SubTypes).forEach(System.out::println);
}

输出

java.lang.constant.Constable
java.lang.Enum
java.lang.Comparable
java.lang.Record
java.lang.Object
java.io.Serializable
test.A$C
test.A$D
test.A$B
test.A

对于io.github.classgraph:classgraph:4.8.146，它为我工作如下:

@Test
void t() {
  final String packagePath = "test";
  try (ScanResult scanResult = new ClassGraph()
    .enableClassInfo()
    .ignoreClassVisibility()
    .acceptPackages(packagePath)
    .scan()) {
    
    scanResult.getAllClasses()
      .forEach(v -> {
        System.out.println(v.getName());
      });
  }
}

输出

test.A
test.A$B
test.A$C
test.A$D