是否有可能找到给定包中的所有类或接口?(快速看了一下e.g. Package,似乎没有。)
当前回答
谷歌Guava 14包含了一个新类ClassPath,它有三个方法来扫描顶级类:
getTopLevelClasses () getTopLevelClasses(管柱packageName) getTopLevelClassesRecursive(管柱packageName)
有关更多信息,请参阅ClassPath javadocs。
其他回答
几乎所有的答案要么使用reflection,要么从文件系统读取类文件。如果尝试从文件系统读取类,则在将应用程序打包为JAR或其他格式时可能会出错。此外,您可能不想为此目的使用单独的库。
这里有另一种方法,它是纯java,不依赖于文件系统。
import javax.tools.JavaFileObject;
import javax.tools.StandardJavaFileManager;
import javax.tools.StandardLocation;
import javax.tools.ToolProvider;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;
public class PackageUtil {
public static Collection<Class> getClasses(final String pack) throws Exception {
final StandardJavaFileManager fileManager = ToolProvider.getSystemJavaCompiler().getStandardFileManager(null, null, null);
return StreamSupport.stream(fileManager.list(StandardLocation.CLASS_PATH, pack, Collections.singleton(JavaFileObject.Kind.CLASS), false).spliterator(), false)
.map(javaFileObject -> {
try {
final String[] split = javaFileObject.getName()
.replace(".class", "")
.replace(")", "")
.split(Pattern.quote(File.separator));
final String fullClassName = pack + "." + split[split.length - 1];
return Class.forName(fullClassName);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
})
.collect(Collectors.toCollection(ArrayList::new));
}
}
Java 8不是必须的。你可以使用for循环代替流。 你可以这样测试
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
final String pack = "java.nio.file"; // Or any other package
PackageUtil.getClasses(pack).stream().forEach(System.out::println);
}
您可能应该看看开源的Reflections库。有了它,你可以很容易地实现你想要的。
首先,设置反射索引(这有点乱,因为搜索所有类默认是禁用的):
List<ClassLoader> classLoadersList = new LinkedList<ClassLoader>();
classLoadersList.add(ClasspathHelper.contextClassLoader());
classLoadersList.add(ClasspathHelper.staticClassLoader());
Reflections reflections = new Reflections(new ConfigurationBuilder()
.setScanners(new SubTypesScanner(false /* don't exclude Object.class */), new ResourcesScanner())
.setUrls(ClasspathHelper.forClassLoader(classLoadersList.toArray(new ClassLoader[0])))
.filterInputsBy(new FilterBuilder().include(FilterBuilder.prefix("org.your.package"))));
然后你可以查询给定包中的所有对象:
Set<Class<?>> classes = reflections.getSubTypesOf(Object.class);
我是这样做的。我扫描所有的子文件夹(子包),我不尝试加载匿名类:
/**
* Attempts to list all the classes in the specified package as determined
* by the context class loader, recursively, avoiding anonymous classes
*
* @param pckgname
* the package name to search
* @return a list of classes that exist within that package
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
* if something went wrong
*/
private static List<Class> getClassesForPackage(String pckgname) throws ClassNotFoundException {
// This will hold a list of directories matching the pckgname. There may be more than one if a package is split over multiple jars/paths
ArrayList<File> directories = new ArrayList<File>();
String packageToPath = pckgname.replace('.', '/');
try {
ClassLoader cld = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
if (cld == null) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException("Can't get class loader.");
}
// Ask for all resources for the packageToPath
Enumeration<URL> resources = cld.getResources(packageToPath);
while (resources.hasMoreElements()) {
directories.add(new File(URLDecoder.decode(resources.nextElement().getPath(), "UTF-8")));
}
} catch (NullPointerException x) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(pckgname + " does not appear to be a valid package (Null pointer exception)");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException encex) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(pckgname + " does not appear to be a valid package (Unsupported encoding)");
} catch (IOException ioex) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException("IOException was thrown when trying to get all resources for " + pckgname);
}
ArrayList<Class> classes = new ArrayList<Class>();
// For every directoryFile identified capture all the .class files
while (!directories.isEmpty()){
File directoryFile = directories.remove(0);
if (directoryFile.exists()) {
// Get the list of the files contained in the package
File[] files = directoryFile.listFiles();
for (File file : files) {
// we are only interested in .class files
if ((file.getName().endsWith(".class")) && (!file.getName().contains("$"))) {
// removes the .class extension
int index = directoryFile.getPath().indexOf(packageToPath);
String packagePrefix = directoryFile.getPath().substring(index).replace('/', '.');;
try {
String className = packagePrefix + '.' + file.getName().substring(0, file.getName().length() - 6);
classes.add(Class.forName(className));
} catch (NoClassDefFoundError e)
{
// do nothing. this class hasn't been found by the loader, and we don't care.
}
} else if (file.isDirectory()){ // If we got to a subdirectory
directories.add(new File(file.getPath()));
}
}
} else {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(pckgname + " (" + directoryFile.getPath() + ") does not appear to be a valid package");
}
}
return classes;
}
FindAllClassesUsingPlainJavaReflectionTest.java
@Slf4j
class FindAllClassesUsingPlainJavaReflectionTest {
private static final Function<Throwable, RuntimeException> asRuntimeException = throwable -> {
log.error(throwable.getLocalizedMessage());
return new RuntimeException(throwable);
};
private static final Function<String, Collection<Class<?>>> findAllPackageClasses = basePackageName -> {
Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
Charset charset = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
val fileManager = ToolProvider.getSystemJavaCompiler()
.getStandardFileManager(/* diagnosticListener */ null, locale, charset);
StandardLocation location = StandardLocation.CLASS_PATH;
JavaFileObject.Kind kind = JavaFileObject.Kind.CLASS;
Set<JavaFileObject.Kind> kinds = Collections.singleton(kind);
val javaFileObjects = Try.of(() -> fileManager.list(location, basePackageName, kinds, /* recurse */ true))
.getOrElseThrow(asRuntimeException);
String pathToPackageAndClass = basePackageName.replace(".", File.separator);
Function<String, String> mapToClassName = s -> {
String prefix = Arrays.stream(s.split(pathToPackageAndClass))
.findFirst()
.orElse("");
return s.replaceFirst(prefix, "")
.replaceAll(File.separator, ".");
};
return StreamSupport.stream(javaFileObjects.spliterator(), /* parallel */ true)
.filter(javaFileObject -> javaFileObject.getKind().equals(kind))
.map(FileObject::getName)
.map(fileObjectName -> fileObjectName.replace(".class", ""))
.map(mapToClassName)
.map(className -> Try.of(() -> Class.forName(className))
.getOrElseThrow(asRuntimeException))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
};
@Test
@DisplayName("should get classes recursively in given package")
void test() {
Collection<Class<?>> classes = findAllPackageClasses.apply(getClass().getPackage().getName());
assertThat(classes).hasSizeGreaterThan(4);
classes.stream().map(String::valueOf).forEach(log::info);
}
}
PS:为了简化处理错误的样板文件等,我在这里使用了vavr和lombok库
其他实现可以在我的GitHub daggerok/java-reflection-find- annotation -classes-or-methods repo中找到
如果您不使用任何动态类加载器,您可以搜索类路径,并为每个条目搜索目录或JAR文件。
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