许多答案都涉及从一种类型转换到另一种类型。我从具有相同类型的联合中得到最多的使用(即在解析串行数据流时)。它们允许解析/构造一个有框架的包变得很简单。

typedef union
{
    UINT8 buffer[PACKET_SIZE]; // Where the packet size is large enough for
                               // the entire set of fields (including the payload)

    struct
    {
        UINT8 size;
        UINT8 cmd;
        UINT8 payload[PAYLOAD_SIZE];
        UINT8 crc;
    } fields;

}PACKET_T;

// This should be called every time a new byte of data is ready 
// and point to the packet's buffer:
// packet_builder(packet.buffer, new_data);

void packet_builder(UINT8* buffer, UINT8 data)
{
    static UINT8 received_bytes = 0;

    // All range checking etc removed for brevity

    buffer[received_bytes] = data;
    received_bytes++;

    // Using the struc only way adds lots of logic that relates "byte 0" to size
    // "byte 1" to cmd, etc...
}

void packet_handler(PACKET_T* packet)
{
    // Process the fields in a readable manner
    if(packet->fields.size > TOO_BIG)
    {
        // handle error...
    }

    if(packet->fields.cmd == CMD_X)
    {
        // do stuff..
    }
}

编辑 关于字节序和结构填充的评论是有效的，而且非常值得关注。我几乎完全在嵌入式软件中使用了这段代码，其中大部分我都可以控制管道的两端。

COM接口中使用的VARIANT呢?它有两个字段——“type”和一个包含实际值的联合，该值根据“type”字段进行处理。

一个简单而有用的例子是....

想象一下:

你有一个uint32_t数组[2]，想要访问字节链的第3个和第4个字节。 你可以做*((uint16_t*) &数组[1])。 但遗憾的是，这打破了严格的混叠规则!

但是已知的编译器允许你做以下事情:

union un
{
    uint16_t array16[4];
    uint32_t array32[2];
}

严格来说，这仍然是违反规则的。但是所有已知的标准都支持这种用法。

在学校里，我是这样使用联合的:

typedef union
{
  unsigned char color[4];
  int       new_color;
}       u_color;

我用它来更容易地处理颜色，而不是使用>>和<<操作符，我只需要遍历我的char数组的不同索引。

当你有一个函数，你返回的值可以不同，这取决于函数做了什么，使用联合。

在C的早期版本中，所有结构声明都共享一组公共字段。考虑到:

struct x {int x_mode; int q; float x_f};
struct y {int y_mode; int q; int y_l};
struct z {int z_mode; char name[20];};

a compiler would essentially produce a table of structures' sizes (and possibly alignments), and a separate table of structures' members' names, types, and offsets. The compiler didn't keep track of which members belonged to which structures, and would allow two structures to have a member with the same name only if the type and offset matched (as with member q of struct x and struct y). If p was a pointer to any structure type, p->q would add the offset of "q" to pointer p and fetch an "int" from the resulting address.

Given the above semantics, it was possible to write a function that could perform some useful operations on multiple kinds of structure interchangeably, provided that all the fields used by the function lined up with useful fields within the structures in question. This was a useful feature, and changing C to validate members used for structure access against the types of the structures in question would have meant losing it in the absence of a means of having a structure that can contain multiple named fields at the same address. Adding "union" types to C helped fill that gap somewhat (though not, IMHO, as well as it should have been).

An essential part of unions' ability to fill that gap was the fact that a pointer to a union member could be converted into a pointer to any union containing that member, and a pointer to any union could be converted to a pointer to any member. While the C89 Standard didn't expressly say that casting a T* directly to a U* was equivalent to casting it to a pointer to any union type containing both T and U, and then casting that to U*, no defined behavior of the latter cast sequence would be affected by the union type used, and the Standard didn't specify any contrary semantics for a direct cast from T to U. Further, in cases where a function received a pointer of unknown origin, the behavior of writing an object via T*, converting the T* to a U*, and then reading the object via U* would be equivalent to writing a union via member of type T and reading as type U, which would be standard-defined in a few cases (e.g. when accessing Common Initial Sequence members) and Implementation-Defined (rather than Undefined) for the rest. While it was rare for programs to exploit the CIS guarantees with actual objects of union type, it was far more common to exploit the fact that pointers to objects of unknown origin had to behave like pointers to union members and have the behavioral guarantees associated therewith.