这是一个基于微软http://1code.codeplex.com/SourceControl/changeset/view/39074#842775代码的解决方案。它使用扩展方法方便代码重用。

下面是一些可能的用法:

bool bIs64BitOS = System.Environment.OSVersion.IsWin64BitOS();

bool bIs64BitProc = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().Is64BitProc();

//Hosts the extension methods  
public static class OSHelperTools  
{  
    /// <summary>     
    /// The function determines whether the current operating system is a      
    /// 64-bit operating system.     
    /// </summary>     
    /// <returns>     
    /// The function returns true if the operating system is 64-bit;      
    /// otherwise, it returns false.     
    /// </returns>    
    public static bool IsWin64BitOS(this OperatingSystem os)  
    {  
        if (IntPtr.Size == 8)  
        // 64-bit programs run only on Win64           
            return true;   
        else// 32-bit programs run on both 32-bit and 64-bit Windows     
        {   // Detect whether the current process is a 32-bit process                
            // running on a 64-bit system.               
            return Process.GetCurrentProcess().Is64BitProc();  
        }  
    }  

    /// <summary>  
    /// Checks if the process is 64 bit  
    /// </summary>  
    /// <param name="os"></param>  
    /// <returns>  
    /// The function returns true if the process is 64-bit;        
    /// otherwise, it returns false.  
    /// </returns>    
    public static bool Is64BitProc(this System.Diagnostics.Process p)  
    {  
        // 32-bit programs run on both 32-bit and 64-bit Windows           
        // Detect whether the current process is a 32-bit process                
        // running on a 64-bit system.               
        bool result;  
        return ((DoesWin32MethodExist("kernel32.dll", "IsWow64Process") && IsWow64Process(p.Handle, out result)) && result);  
    }  

    /// <summary>     
    /// The function determins whether a method exists in the export      
    /// table of a certain module.     
    /// </summary>     
    /// <param name="moduleName">The name of the module</param>     
    /// <param name="methodName">The name of the method</param>     
    /// <returns>     
    /// The function returns true if the method specified by methodName      
    /// exists in the export table of the module specified by moduleName.     
    /// </returns>       
    static bool DoesWin32MethodExist(string moduleName, string methodName)  
    {  
        IntPtr moduleHandle = GetModuleHandle(moduleName);  
        if (moduleHandle == IntPtr.Zero)  
            return false;    
        return (GetProcAddress(moduleHandle, methodName) != IntPtr.Zero);   
    }  
    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]  
    static extern IntPtr GetCurrentProcess();  

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]  
    static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string moduleName);  

    [DllImport("kernel32", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]  
    static extern IntPtr GetProcAddress(IntPtr hModule, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]string procName);  

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]  
    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]  
    static extern bool IsWow64Process(IntPtr hProcess, out bool wow64Process);  
}

. net 4在环境类中有两个新属性，Is64BitProcess和Is64BitOperatingSystem。有趣的是，如果你使用Reflector，你会发现它们在32位和64位版本的mscorlib中实现的不同。32位版本为Is64BitProcess返回false，并通过P/Invoke为Is64BitOperatingSystem调用IsWow64Process。64位版本对两者都返回true。

来自Chriz Yuen的博客

介绍了两个新的环境属性 Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem; Environment.Is64BitProcess;

当你使用这两种属性时请小心。 在Windows 7 64位机器上测试

//Workspace: Target Platform x86
Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem True
Environment.Is64BitProcess False

//Workspace: Target Platform x64
Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem True
Environment.Is64BitProcess True

//Workspace: Target Platform Any
Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem True
Environment.Is64BitProcess True

下面是Windows管理规范(WMI)方法:

string _osVersion = "";
string _osServicePack = "";
string _osArchitecture = "";

ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("select * from Win32_OperatingSystem");
ManagementObjectCollection collection = searcher.Get();

foreach (ManagementObject mbo in collection)
{
    _osVersion = mbo.GetPropertyValue("Caption").ToString();
    _osServicePack = string.Format("{0}.{1}", mbo.GetPropertyValue("ServicePackMajorVersion").ToString(), mbo.GetPropertyValue("ServicePackMinorVersion").ToString());

    try
    {
        _osArchitecture = mbo.GetPropertyValue("OSArchitecture").ToString();
    }
    catch
    {
        // OSArchitecture only supported on Windows 7/Windows Server 2008
    }
}

Console.WriteLine("osVersion     : " + _osVersion);
Console.WriteLine("osServicePack : " + _osServicePack);
Console.WriteLine("osArchitecture: " + _osArchitecture);

/////////////////////////////////////////
// Test on Windows 7 64-bit
//
// osVersion     : Microsoft Windows 7 Professional
// osservicePack : 1.0
// osArchitecture: 64-bit

/////////////////////////////////////////
// Test on Windows Server 2008 64-bit
//    --The extra r's come from the registered trademark
//
// osVersion     : Microsoftr Windows Serverr 2008 Standard
// osServicePack : 1.0
// osArchitecture: 64-bit

/////////////////////////////////////////
// Test on Windows Server 2003 32-bit
//    --OSArchitecture property not supported on W2K3
//
// osVersion     : Microsoft(R) Windows(R) Server 2003, Standard Edition
// osServicePack : 2.0
// osArchitecture:

这个问题是针对。net 2.0的，但仍然会在谷歌搜索中出现，这里没有人提到，自从。net标准1.1 / .NET核心1.0以来，现在有一个更好的方法来了解CPU架构:

System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeInformation.ProcessArchitecture

理论上，这应该能够区分x64和Arm64，尽管我自己没有测试它。

请参见文档。

我使用:

Dim drivelet As String = Application.StartupPath.ToString
If Directory.Exists(drivelet(0) & ":\Program Files (x86)") Then
    MsgBox("64bit")
Else
    MsgBox("32bit")
End if

这将获取应用程序启动的路径，以防您将其安装在计算机上的不同位置。此外，你也可以只使用一般的C:\路径，因为99.9%的计算机都在C:\中安装了Windows。