是否有一种方法可以在没有表单的情况下使用POST方法发送数据，并且只使用纯JavaScript(而不是jQuery $.post())刷新页面?也许httprequest或其他东西(只是不能找到它现在)?
当前回答
领航员sendBeacon()。
如果你只是需要POST数据，不需要服务器的响应，最短的解决方案是使用navigator.sendBeacon():
const data = JSON.stringify({
example_1: 123,
example_2: 'Hello, world!',
});
navigator.sendBeacon('example.php', data);
其他回答
有一种简单的方法可以包装数据并将其发送到服务器，就像使用POST发送HTML表单一样。 你可以使用FormData对象，如下所示:
data = new FormData()
data.set('Foo',1)
data.set('Bar','boo')
let request = new XMLHttpRequest();
request.open("POST", 'some_url/', true);
request.send(data)
现在您可以在服务器端处理数据，就像处理常规HTML表单一样。
额外的信息
建议您在发送FormData时不要设置Content-Type头，因为浏览器会注意到这一点。
Fetch API旨在使GET请求变得容易，但它也能够POST。
let data = {element: "barium"};
fetch("/post/data/here", {
method: "POST",
headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
body: JSON.stringify(data)
}).then(res => {
console.log("Request complete! response:", res);
});
如果你和我一样懒(或者只是喜欢快捷方式/助手):
window.post = function(url, data) {
return fetch(url, {method: "POST", headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, body: JSON.stringify(data)});
}
// ...
post("post/data/here", {element: "osmium"});
const data = { username: 'example' };
fetch('https://example.com/profile', {
method: 'POST', // or 'PUT'
headers: {
' Content-Type': 'application/json',
},
body: JSON.stringify(data),
})
.then(response => response.json())
.then(data => {
console.log('Success:', data);
})
.catch((error) => {
console.error('Error:', error);
});
此外，RESTful还允许从POST请求中获取数据。
JS(放入static/hello.html通过Python提供):
<html><head><meta charset="utf-8"/></head><body>
Hello.
<script>
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open("POST", "/postman", true);
xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
xhr.send(JSON.stringify({
value: 'value'
}));
xhr.onload = function() {
console.log("HELLO")
console.log(this.responseText);
var data = JSON.parse(this.responseText);
console.log(data);
}
</script></body></html>
Python服务器(用于测试):
import time, threading, socket, SocketServer, BaseHTTPServer
import os, traceback, sys, json
log_lock = threading.Lock()
log_next_thread_id = 0
# Local log functiondef
def Log(module, msg):
with log_lock:
thread = threading.current_thread().__name__
msg = "%s %s: %s" % (module, thread, msg)
sys.stderr.write(msg + '\n')
def Log_Traceback():
t = traceback.format_exc().strip('\n').split('\n')
if ', in ' in t[-3]:
t[-3] = t[-3].replace(', in','\n***\n*** In') + '(...):'
t[-2] += '\n***'
err = '\n*** '.join(t[-3:]).replace('"','').replace(' File ', '')
err = err.replace(', line',':')
Log("Traceback", '\n'.join(t[:-3]) + '\n\n\n***\n*** ' + err + '\n***\n\n')
os._exit(4)
def Set_Thread_Label(s):
global log_next_thread_id
with log_lock:
threading.current_thread().__name__ = "%d%s" \
% (log_next_thread_id, s)
log_next_thread_id += 1
class Handler(BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
def do_GET(self):
Set_Thread_Label(self.path + "[get]")
try:
Log("HTTP", "PATH='%s'" % self.path)
with open('static' + self.path) as f:
data = f.read()
Log("Static", "DATA='%s'" % data)
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html")
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(data)
except:
Log_Traceback()
def do_POST(self):
Set_Thread_Label(self.path + "[post]")
try:
length = int(self.headers.getheader('content-length'))
req = self.rfile.read(length)
Log("HTTP", "PATH='%s'" % self.path)
Log("URL", "request data = %s" % req)
req = json.loads(req)
response = {'req': req}
response = json.dumps(response)
Log("URL", "response data = %s" % response)
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header("Content-type", "application/json")
self.send_header("content-length", str(len(response)))
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(response)
except:
Log_Traceback()
# Create ONE socket.
addr = ('', 8000)
sock = socket.socket (socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
sock.bind(addr)
sock.listen(5)
# Launch 100 listener threads.
class Thread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, i):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.i = i
self.daemon = True
self.start()
def run(self):
httpd = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer(addr, Handler, False)
# Prevent the HTTP server from re-binding every handler.
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46210672/
httpd.socket = sock
httpd.server_bind = self.server_close = lambda self: None
httpd.serve_forever()
[Thread(i) for i in range(10)]
time.sleep(9e9)
控制台日志(chrome):
HELLO
hello.html:14 {"req": {"value": "value"}}
hello.html:16
{req: {…}}
req
:
{value: "value"}
__proto__
:
Object
控制台日志(firefox):
GET
http://XXXXX:8000/hello.html [HTTP/1.0 200 OK 0ms]
POST
XHR
http://XXXXX:8000/postman [HTTP/1.0 200 OK 0ms]
HELLO hello.html:13:3
{"req": {"value": "value"}} hello.html:14:3
Object { req: Object }
控制台日志(Edge):
HTML1300: Navigation occurred.
hello.html
HTML1527: DOCTYPE expected. Consider adding a valid HTML5 doctype: "<!DOCTYPE html>".
hello.html (1,1)
Current window: XXXXX/hello.html
HELLO
hello.html (13,3)
{"req": {"value": "value"}}
hello.html (14,3)
[object Object]
hello.html (16,3)
{
[functions]: ,
__proto__: { },
req: {
[functions]: ,
__proto__: { },
value: "value"
}
}
Python日志:
HTTP 8/postman[post]: PATH='/postman'
URL 8/postman[post]: request data = {"value":"value"}
URL 8/postman[post]: response data = {"req": {"value": "value"}}
这里有一个很好的函数，你(或其他人)可以在他们的代码中使用:
function post(url, data) {
return new Promise((res, rej) => {
let stringified = "";
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(data))
stringified += `${stringified != '' ? '&' : ''}${key}=${value}`
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.onreadystatechange = () => {
if (xhr.readyState == 4)
if (xhr.status == 200)
res(xhr.responseText)
else
rej({ code: xhr.status, text: xhr.responseText })
}
xhr.open("POST", url, true);
xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
xhr.send(stringified);
})
}
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