这是一个很好的解决方案。我只是想补充一点

set -e

作为一个基本的错误机制。如果一个简单的命令失败，它将立即停止脚本。我认为这应该是默认的行为:因为这样的错误几乎总是意味着一些意想不到的事情，所以继续执行下面的命令是不明智的。

我使用

die() {
        echo $1
        kill $$
}

之前;我想因为某种原因，“退出”对我来说是失败的。不过，上面的默认设置似乎是个好主意。

我更喜欢简单的称呼。所以我用了一些看起来有点复杂，但很容易使用的东西。我通常只是复制并粘贴下面的代码到我的脚本。代码后面有解释。

#This function is used to cleanly exit any script. It does this displaying a
# given error message, and exiting with an error code.
function error_exit {
    echo
    echo "$@"
    exit 1
}
#Trap the killer signals so that we can exit with a good message.
trap "error_exit 'Received signal SIGHUP'" SIGHUP
trap "error_exit 'Received signal SIGINT'" SIGINT
trap "error_exit 'Received signal SIGTERM'" SIGTERM

#Alias the function so that it will print a message with the following format:
#prog-name(@line#): message
#We have to explicitly allow aliases, we do this because they make calling the
#function much easier (see example).
shopt -s expand_aliases
alias die='error_exit "Error ${0}(@`echo $(( $LINENO - 1 ))`):"'

I usually put a call to the cleanup function in side the error_exit function, but this varies from script to script so I left it out. The traps catch the common terminating signals and make sure everything gets cleaned up. The alias is what does the real magic. I like to check everything for failure. So in general I call programs in an "if !" type statement. By subtracting 1 from the line number the alias will tell me where the failure occurred. It is also dead simple to call, and pretty much idiot proof. Below is an example (just replace /bin/false with whatever you are going to call).

#This is an example useage, it will print out
#Error prog-name (@1): Who knew false is false.
if ! /bin/false ; then
    die "Who knew false is false."
fi

使用陷阱!

tempfiles=( )
cleanup() {
  rm -f "${tempfiles[@]}"
}
trap cleanup 0

error() {
  local parent_lineno="$1"
  local message="$2"
  local code="${3:-1}"
  if [[ -n "$message" ]] ; then
    echo "Error on or near line ${parent_lineno}: ${message}; exiting with status ${code}"
  else
    echo "Error on or near line ${parent_lineno}; exiting with status ${code}"
  fi
  exit "${code}"
}
trap 'error ${LINENO}' ERR

.．.然后，每当你创建一个临时文件:

temp_foo="$(mktemp -t foobar.XXXXXX)"
tempfiles+=( "$temp_foo" )

并且$temp_foo将在退出时被删除，并将打印当前行号。(set -e同样会给你错误退出的行为，尽管它有严重的警告，并削弱了代码的可预测性和可移植性)。

您可以让trap为您调用错误(在这种情况下，它使用默认的退出代码1和无消息)或自己调用它并提供显式值;例如:

error ${LINENO} "the foobar failed" 2

将以状态2退出，并给出一个显式消息。

或者使用-s extdebug，并对陷阱的第一行进行一些修改，以全面地捕获所有非零退出代码(mind set -e非错误非零退出代码):

error() {
  local last_exit_status="$?"
  local parent_lineno="$1"
  local message="${2:-(no message ($last_exit_status))}"
  local code="${3:-$last_exit_status}"
  # ... continue as above
}
trap 'error ${LINENO}' ERR
shopt -s extdebug

这也与set -eu“兼容”。

我使用以下陷阱代码，它还允许通过管道和“时间”命令跟踪错误

#!/bin/bash
set -o pipefail  # trace ERR through pipes
set -o errtrace  # trace ERR through 'time command' and other functions
function error() {
    JOB="$0"              # job name
    LASTLINE="$1"         # line of error occurrence
    LASTERR="$2"          # error code
    echo "ERROR in ${JOB} : line ${LASTLINE} with exit code ${LASTERR}"
    exit 1
}
trap 'error ${LINENO} ${?}' ERR

不确定这是否对您有帮助，但我修改了这里的一些建议函数，以便在其中包括错误检查(先前命令的退出代码)。 在每次“检查”中，我还将错误的“消息”作为参数传递给日志记录。

#!/bin/bash

error_exit()
{
    if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then
        log.sh "$1"
        exit 1
    fi
}

现在要在同一个脚本中调用它(或者在另一个脚本中，如果我使用export -f error_exit)，我只需写函数名并传递一个消息作为参数，如下所示:

#!/bin/bash

cd /home/myuser/afolder
error_exit "Unable to switch to folder"

rm *
error_exit "Unable to delete all files"

使用这个，我能够为一些自动化进程创建一个真正健壮的bash文件，它将在错误的情况下停止并通知我(log.sh将这样做)