这是我自己的单线图实现。你所要做的就是装饰课堂；要获得单例，您必须使用Instance方法。下面是一个示例：

@Singleton
class Foo:
    def __init__(self):
        print 'Foo created'

f = Foo() # Error, this isn't how you get the instance of a singleton

f = Foo.Instance() # Good. Being explicit is in line with the Python Zen
g = Foo.Instance() # Returns already created instance

print f is g # True

下面是代码：

class Singleton:
    """
    A non-thread-safe helper class to ease implementing singletons.
    This should be used as a decorator -- not a metaclass -- to the
    class that should be a singleton.

    The decorated class can define one `__init__` function that
    takes only the `self` argument. Other than that, there are
    no restrictions that apply to the decorated class.
 
    To get the singleton instance, use the `Instance` method. Trying
    to use `__call__` will result in a `TypeError` being raised.

    Limitations: The decorated class cannot be inherited from.

    """

    def __init__(self, decorated):
        self._decorated = decorated

    def Instance(self):
        """
        Returns the singleton instance. Upon its first call, it creates a
        new instance of the decorated class and calls its `__init__` method.
        On all subsequent calls, the already created instance is returned.

        """
        try:
            return self._instance
        except AttributeError:
            self._instance = self._decorated()
            return self._instance

    def __call__(self):
        raise TypeError('Singletons must be accessed through `Instance()`.')

    def __instancecheck__(self, inst):
        return isinstance(inst, self._decorated)

也许我误解了单例模式，但我的解决方案是简单实用的（Python？）。这段代码实现了两个目标

使Foo的实例可以在任何地方访问（全局）。Foo只能存在一个实例。

这就是代码。

#!/usr/bin/env python3

class Foo:
    me = None

    def __init__(self):
        if Foo.me != None:
            raise Exception('Instance of Foo still exists!')

        Foo.me = self


if __name__ == '__main__':
    Foo()
    Foo()

输出

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./x.py", line 15, in <module>
    Foo()
  File "./x.py", line 8, in __init__
    raise Exception('Instance of Foo still exists!')
Exception: Instance of Foo still exists!

class Foo(object):
     pass

some_global_variable = Foo()

模块只导入一次，其他一切都在考虑之中。不要使用singleton，也不要使用globals。

这与fab的答案略有相似，但并不完全相同。

单例模式不要求我们能够多次调用构造函数。作为一个单例应该创建一次，而且只能创建一次。难道它不应该被视为只创建一次吗？“欺骗”构造函数可能会损害易读性。

所以我的建议是：

class Elvis():
    def __init__(self):
        if hasattr(self.__class__, 'instance'):
            raise Exception()
        self.__class__.instance = self
        # initialisation code...

    @staticmethod
    def the():
        if hasattr(Elvis, 'instance'):
            return Elvis.instance
        return Elvis()

这并不排除用户代码使用构造函数或字段实例：

if Elvis() is King.instance:

…如果你确定猫王还没有被创造，而国王已经被创造了。

但它鼓励用户普遍使用以下方法：

Elvis.the().leave(Building.the())

若要完成此操作，您还可以重写__delattr__（）以在尝试删除实例时引发异常，并重写__del__（）以便引发异常（除非我们知道程序正在结束…）

进一步改进

我感谢那些帮助评论和编辑的人，欢迎更多评论和编辑。当我使用Jython时，这应该更普遍地工作，并且是线程安全的。

try:
    # This is jython-specific
    from synchronize import make_synchronized
except ImportError:
    # This should work across different python implementations
    def make_synchronized(func):
        import threading
        func.__lock__ = threading.Lock()
    
        def synced_func(*args, **kws):
            with func.__lock__:
                return func(*args, **kws)

        return synced_func

class Elvis(object): # NB must be subclass of object to use __new__
    instance = None

    @classmethod
    @make_synchronized
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if cls.instance is not None:
            raise Exception()
        cls.instance = object.__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
        return cls.instance
    
    def __init__(self):
        pass
        # initialisation code...

    @classmethod
    @make_synchronized
    def the(cls):
        if cls.instance is not None:
            return cls.instance
        return cls()

注意事项：

如果您不从python2.x中的对象子类，您将得到一个不使用__new的旧式类__当修饰__new__时，必须用@classmethod修饰，否则__new__将是未绑定的实例方法这可以通过使用元类来改进，因为这将允许您创建类级属性，并可能将其重命名为实例

如果您不需要对Singleton实例进行延迟初始化，那么以下操作应该是简单且线程安全的：

class A:
    instance = None
    # Methods and variables of the class/object A follow
A.instance = A()

这样，A是在模块导入时初始化的单例。

我只是偶然做了一个简单的，想分享一下。。。

class MySingleton(object):
    def __init__(self, *, props={}):
        self.__dict__ = props

mything = MySingleton()
mything.test = 1
mything2 = MySingleton()
print(mything2.test)
mything2.test = 5
print(mything.test)