这里是一个结合@agf和@（Siddhesh Suhas Sathe）解决方案的简单实现，它使用元类并考虑构造函数参数，因此如果使用完全相同的参数创建foo类，则可以返回相同的实例

class SingletonMeta(type):
    _instances = {}

    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Possible changes to the value of the `__init__` argument do not affect
        the returned instance.
        """
        cls_instances = cls._instances.get(cls) or []
        matching_instances = list(
            filter(
                lambda x: x["args"] == args and x["kwargs"] == kwargs,
                cls_instances,
            )
        )
        if len(matching_instances) == 1:
            return matching_instances[0]["instance"]
        else:
            instance = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
            cls_instances.append({"instance": instance, "args": args, "kwargs": kwargs})
            cls._instances[cls] = cls_instances
            return instance


class foo(metaclass=SingletonMeta):
    def __init__(self, param, k_param=None) -> None:
        print("Creating new instance")
        self.param = param
        self.k_param = k_param
        self._creation_time = time.time()

好吧，除了同意Pythonic关于模块级全局的一般建议之外，这又如何呢

def singleton(class_):
    class class_w(class_):
        _instance = None
        def __new__(class2, *args, **kwargs):
            if class_w._instance is None:
                class_w._instance = super(class_w, class2).__new__(class2, *args, **kwargs)
                class_w._instance._sealed = False
            return class_w._instance
        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            if self._sealed:
                return
            super(class_w, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
            self._sealed = True
    class_w.__name__ = class_.__name__
    return class_w

@singleton
class MyClass(object):
    def __init__(self, text):
        print text
    @classmethod
    def name(class_):
        print class_.__name__

x = MyClass(111)
x.name()
y = MyClass(222)
print id(x) == id(y)

输出为：

111     # the __init__ is called only on the 1st time
MyClass # the __name__ is preserved
True    # this is actually the same instance

看看这个。其思想是通过args和kwargs来散列实例密钥。https://stackoverflow.com/a/73495782/2910384

您只需要一个装饰器，具体取决于python版本：

Python 3.2+

实施

from functools import lru_cache

@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
class CustomClass(object):

    def __init__(self, arg):
        print(f"CustomClass initialised with {arg}")
        self.arg = arg

用法

c1 = CustomClass("foo")
c2 = CustomClass("foo")
c3 = CustomClass("bar")

print(c1 == c2)
print(c1 == c3)

输出

>>> CustomClass initialised with foo
>>> CustomClass initialised with bar
>>> True
>>> False

注意foo只打印一次

Python 3.9+

实施：

from functools import cache

@cache
class CustomClass(object):
    ...

我想强调的几个注意事项是，

元类方法：

不能从2个元类继承。检查如果您使用的工厂模式都是单例类，那么它就不会工作。您的父级已经从ABC继承（它是元类），那么您不能从单例元类继承

装饰方法：

我使用一个函数作为工厂接口，它从base创建T的实例__子类__（）。这将跳过子类初始化的单例修饰符

我更喜欢使用静态方法GetInstance（）来创建单例对象（也不允许任何其他方法这样做），以强调我使用的是单例设计模式。

import inspect
class SingletonMeta(type):
    __instances = {}
    GET_INSTANCE = 'GetInstance' # class method ussed to create Singleton instance

    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        caller_frame = inspect.currentframe().f_back

        caller_class = caller_frame.f_locals.get('cls_ref')
        caller_method_name = caller_frame.f_code.co_name
        if caller_class is cls and \
            caller_method_name == SingletonMeta.GET_INSTANCE:
            obj = super(SingletonMeta, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
        else:
            raise Exception(f"Class '{cls.__name__}' is a singleton! Use '{cls.__name__}.{SingletonMeta.GET_INSTANCE}()' to create its instance.")

        return obj

    def __new__(cls, name, bases, dct):
        def GetInstance(cls_ref):
            if cls_ref not in cls_ref.__instances:
                cls_ref.__instances[cls_ref] = cls_ref()

            return cls_ref.__instances[cls_ref]
       
        return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, {**dct, GetInstance.__name__: classmethod(GetInstance)})
#------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
    class SingletonSample1(metaclass=SingletonMeta):
        def __init__(self):
            self.__x = 1

        @property
        def x(self) -> int:
            return self.__x

        @x.setter
        def x(self, value):
            self.__x = value

    s1 = SingletonSample1.GetInstance()
    s1.x = 3

    try:
        s2 = SingletonSample1()
    Exception as error:
        print(repr(error))