一句话（我并不骄傲，但它确实起到了作用）：

import sys

class Myclass:
  def __init__(self):
     # do your stuff
      vars(sys.modules[__name__])[type(self).__name__] = lambda: self # singletonify

好吧，除了同意Pythonic关于模块级全局的一般建议之外，这又如何呢

def singleton(class_):
    class class_w(class_):
        _instance = None
        def __new__(class2, *args, **kwargs):
            if class_w._instance is None:
                class_w._instance = super(class_w, class2).__new__(class2, *args, **kwargs)
                class_w._instance._sealed = False
            return class_w._instance
        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            if self._sealed:
                return
            super(class_w, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
            self._sealed = True
    class_w.__name__ = class_.__name__
    return class_w

@singleton
class MyClass(object):
    def __init__(self, text):
        print text
    @classmethod
    def name(class_):
        print class_.__name__

x = MyClass(111)
x.name()
y = MyClass(222)
print id(x) == id(y)

输出为：

111     # the __init__ is called only on the 1st time
MyClass # the __name__ is preserved
True    # this is actually the same instance

与从元类派生相比，我更喜欢decorator语法。我的两分钱：

from typing import Callable, Dict, Set


def singleton(cls_: Callable) -> type:
    """ Implements a simple singleton decorator
    """
    class Singleton(cls_):  # type: ignore
        __instances: Dict[type, object] = {}
        __initialized: Set[type] = set()

        def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
            if Singleton.__instances.get(cls) is None:
                Singleton.__instances[cls] = super().__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
            return Singleton.__instances[cls]

        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            if self.__class__ not in Singleton.__initialized:
                Singleton.__initialized.add(self.__class__)
                super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    return Singleton


@singleton
class MyClass(...):
    ...

这比其他装饰器有一些好处：

isinstance（MyClass（），MyClass）仍然有效（从子句返回函数而不是类将使isinstance失败）属性、classmethod和staticmethod仍将按预期工作__init__（）构造函数只执行一次您可以再次使用@singleton从修饰类（无用？）继承

欺骗：

打印（MyClass（）__第__类__name__）将返回Singleton而不是MyClass。如果您仍然需要这个，我建议使用上面建议的元类。

如果您需要基于构造函数参数的不同实例，则需要改进此解决方案（由siddhesh suhas sathe提供的解决方案）。

最后，正如其他人所建议的，考虑在python中使用模块。模块是对象。您甚至可以在变量中传递它们，并将它们注入到其他类中。

看看这个。其思想是通过args和kwargs来散列实例密钥。https://stackoverflow.com/a/73495782/2910384

这是我自己的单线图实现。你所要做的就是装饰课堂；要获得单例，您必须使用Instance方法。下面是一个示例：

@Singleton
class Foo:
    def __init__(self):
        print 'Foo created'

f = Foo() # Error, this isn't how you get the instance of a singleton

f = Foo.Instance() # Good. Being explicit is in line with the Python Zen
g = Foo.Instance() # Returns already created instance

print f is g # True

下面是代码：

class Singleton:
    """
    A non-thread-safe helper class to ease implementing singletons.
    This should be used as a decorator -- not a metaclass -- to the
    class that should be a singleton.

    The decorated class can define one `__init__` function that
    takes only the `self` argument. Other than that, there are
    no restrictions that apply to the decorated class.
 
    To get the singleton instance, use the `Instance` method. Trying
    to use `__call__` will result in a `TypeError` being raised.

    Limitations: The decorated class cannot be inherited from.

    """

    def __init__(self, decorated):
        self._decorated = decorated

    def Instance(self):
        """
        Returns the singleton instance. Upon its first call, it creates a
        new instance of the decorated class and calls its `__init__` method.
        On all subsequent calls, the already created instance is returned.

        """
        try:
            return self._instance
        except AttributeError:
            self._instance = self._decorated()
            return self._instance

    def __call__(self):
        raise TypeError('Singletons must be accessed through `Instance()`.')

    def __instancecheck__(self, inst):
        return isinstance(inst, self._decorated)

如果想要拥有同一类的多个实例，但只有当args或kwargs不同时，才可以使用第三方python包Handy Decorator（包装饰器）。前任。如果您有一个处理串行通信的类，并且要创建一个实例，您希望将串行端口作为参数发送，那么使用传统的方法是行不通的如果参数不同，可以使用上面提到的修饰符创建类的多个实例。对于相同的参数，decorator将返回已创建的相同实例。

>>> from decorators import singleton
>>>
>>> @singleton
... class A:
...     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
...         pass
...
>>>
>>> a = A(name='Siddhesh')
>>> b = A(name='Siddhesh', lname='Sathe')
>>> c = A(name='Siddhesh', lname='Sathe')
>>> a is b  # has to be different
False
>>> b is c  # has to be same
True
>>>