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2023-07-06 07:00:02

什么时候使用构建器模式?

使用构建器模式的一些常见的、真实的例子是什么?它能给你买什么?为什么不直接使用工厂模式?

当前回答

/// <summary>
/// Builder
/// </summary>
public interface IWebRequestBuilder
{
    IWebRequestBuilder BuildHost(string host);

    IWebRequestBuilder BuildPort(int port);

    IWebRequestBuilder BuildPath(string path);

    IWebRequestBuilder BuildQuery(string query);

    IWebRequestBuilder BuildScheme(string scheme);

    IWebRequestBuilder BuildTimeout(int timeout);

    WebRequest Build();
}

/// <summary>
/// ConcreteBuilder #1
/// </summary>
public class HttpWebRequestBuilder : IWebRequestBuilder
{
    private string _host;

    private string _path = string.Empty;

    private string _query = string.Empty;

    private string _scheme = "http";

    private int _port = 80;

    private int _timeout = -1;

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildHost(string host)
    {
        _host = host;
        return this;
    }

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildPort(int port)
    {
        _port = port;
        return this;
    }

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildPath(string path)
    {
        _path = path;
        return this;
    }

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildQuery(string query)
    {
        _query = query;
        return this;
    }

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildScheme(string scheme)
    {
        _scheme = scheme;
        return this;
    }

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildTimeout(int timeout)
    {
        _timeout = timeout;
        return this;
    }

    protected virtual void BeforeBuild(HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest) {
    }

    public WebRequest Build()
    {
        var uri = _scheme + "://" + _host + ":" + _port + "/" + _path + "?" + _query;

        var httpWebRequest = WebRequest.CreateHttp(uri);

        httpWebRequest.Timeout = _timeout;

        BeforeBuild(httpWebRequest);

        return httpWebRequest;
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// ConcreteBuilder #2
/// </summary>
public class ProxyHttpWebRequestBuilder : HttpWebRequestBuilder
{
    private string _proxy = null;

    public ProxyHttpWebRequestBuilder(string proxy)
    {
        _proxy = proxy;
    }

    protected override void BeforeBuild(HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest)
    {
        httpWebRequest.Proxy = new WebProxy(_proxy);
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// Director
/// </summary>
public class SearchRequest
{

    private IWebRequestBuilder _requestBuilder;

    public SearchRequest(IWebRequestBuilder requestBuilder)
    {
        _requestBuilder = requestBuilder;
    }

    public WebRequest Construct(string searchQuery)
    {
        return _requestBuilder
        .BuildHost("ajax.googleapis.com")
        .BuildPort(80)
        .BuildPath("ajax/services/search/web")
        .BuildQuery("v=1.0&q=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(searchQuery))
        .BuildScheme("http")
        .BuildTimeout(-1)
        .Build();
    }

    public string GetResults(string searchQuery) {
        var request = Construct(searchQuery);
        var resp = request.GetResponse();

        using (StreamReader stream = new StreamReader(resp.GetResponseStream()))
        {
            return stream.ReadToEnd();
        }
    }
}

class Program
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Inside both requests the same SearchRequest.Construct(string) method is used.
    /// But finally different HttpWebRequest objects are built.
    /// </summary>
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var request1 = new SearchRequest(new HttpWebRequestBuilder());
        var results1 = request1.GetResults("IBM");
        Console.WriteLine(results1);

        var request2 = new SearchRequest(new ProxyHttpWebRequestBuilder("localhost:80"));
        var results2 = request2.GetResults("IBM");
        Console.WriteLine(results2);
    }
}
2014-01-16 12:55:36

其他回答

当你有很多选择要处理的时候，你就用它。想想jmock这样的东西:

m.expects(once())
    .method("testMethod")
    .with(eq(1), eq(2))
    .returns("someResponse");

这感觉更自然，而且是可能的。

还有xml构建，字符串构建和其他很多东西。想象一下，如果java.util.Map将put作为构建器。你可以这样做:

Map<String, Integer> m = new HashMap<String, Integer>()
    .put("a", 1)
    .put("b", 2)
    .put("c", 3);
2008-11-30 05:50:14

构建器和工厂之间的关键区别是，当你需要做很多事情来构建一个对象时，构建器是有用的。例如，想象一个DOM。您必须创建大量节点和属性才能获得最终对象。当工厂可以在一个方法调用中轻松创建整个对象时，就使用工厂。

使用构建器的一个例子是构建一个XML文档，我在构建HTML片段时使用了这个模型，例如，我可能有一个构建器来构建一个特定类型的表，它可能有以下方法(参数未显示):

BuildOrderHeaderRow()
BuildLineItemSubHeaderRow()
BuildOrderRow()
BuildLineItemSubRow()

然后这个构建器会为我输出HTML。这比遍历一个大型过程方法容易得多。

在维基百科上查看生成器模式。

2008-11-30 05:51:16

在浏览微软MVC框架时，我对构建器模式有了一些想法。我在ControllerBuilder类中遇到了这种模式。这个类返回控制器工厂类，然后用它来构建具体的控制器。

我认为使用构建器模式的优点是，您可以创建自己的工厂并将其插入到框架中。

@Tetha，可以有一家意大利人开的餐厅(框架)，供应披萨。为了准备披萨，Italian guy (Object Builder)使用Owen (Factory)和一个披萨基(基类)。

现在印度人从意大利人手里接管了餐厅。印度餐厅(框架)提供dosa而不是披萨。为了准备dosa, Indian guy(对象构建器)使用fried Pan(工厂)和Maida(基类)

如果你看场景，食物是不同的，食物的制作方式是不同的，但在同一家餐厅(在同一框架下)。餐馆应该以这样一种方式建造，它可以支持中国菜、墨西哥菜或任何菜。框架内的对象构建器有助于你想要的插件料理。例如

class RestaurantObjectBuilder
{
   IFactory _factory = new DefaultFoodFactory();

   //This can be used when you want to plugin the 
   public void SetFoodFactory(IFactory customFactory)
   {
        _factory = customFactory;
   }

   public IFactory GetFoodFactory()
   {
      return _factory;
   }
}
2010-11-17 06:45:30

我在自制消息库中使用了builder。库核心从线路接收数据，用Builder实例收集数据，然后，一旦Builder确定它已经获得了创建Message实例所需的一切，Builder. getmessage()就使用从线路收集的数据构造消息实例。

2008-11-30 18:05:42 
/// <summary>
/// Builder
/// </summary>
public interface IWebRequestBuilder
{
    IWebRequestBuilder BuildHost(string host);

    IWebRequestBuilder BuildPort(int port);

    IWebRequestBuilder BuildPath(string path);

    IWebRequestBuilder BuildQuery(string query);

    IWebRequestBuilder BuildScheme(string scheme);

    IWebRequestBuilder BuildTimeout(int timeout);

    WebRequest Build();
}

/// <summary>
/// ConcreteBuilder #1
/// </summary>
public class HttpWebRequestBuilder : IWebRequestBuilder
{
    private string _host;

    private string _path = string.Empty;

    private string _query = string.Empty;

    private string _scheme = "http";

    private int _port = 80;

    private int _timeout = -1;

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildHost(string host)
    {
        _host = host;
        return this;
    }

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildPort(int port)
    {
        _port = port;
        return this;
    }

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildPath(string path)
    {
        _path = path;
        return this;
    }

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildQuery(string query)
    {
        _query = query;
        return this;
    }

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildScheme(string scheme)
    {
        _scheme = scheme;
        return this;
    }

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildTimeout(int timeout)
    {
        _timeout = timeout;
        return this;
    }

    protected virtual void BeforeBuild(HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest) {
    }

    public WebRequest Build()
    {
        var uri = _scheme + "://" + _host + ":" + _port + "/" + _path + "?" + _query;

        var httpWebRequest = WebRequest.CreateHttp(uri);

        httpWebRequest.Timeout = _timeout;

        BeforeBuild(httpWebRequest);

        return httpWebRequest;
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// ConcreteBuilder #2
/// </summary>
public class ProxyHttpWebRequestBuilder : HttpWebRequestBuilder
{
    private string _proxy = null;

    public ProxyHttpWebRequestBuilder(string proxy)
    {
        _proxy = proxy;
    }

    protected override void BeforeBuild(HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest)
    {
        httpWebRequest.Proxy = new WebProxy(_proxy);
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// Director
/// </summary>
public class SearchRequest
{

    private IWebRequestBuilder _requestBuilder;

    public SearchRequest(IWebRequestBuilder requestBuilder)
    {
        _requestBuilder = requestBuilder;
    }

    public WebRequest Construct(string searchQuery)
    {
        return _requestBuilder
        .BuildHost("ajax.googleapis.com")
        .BuildPort(80)
        .BuildPath("ajax/services/search/web")
        .BuildQuery("v=1.0&q=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(searchQuery))
        .BuildScheme("http")
        .BuildTimeout(-1)
        .Build();
    }

    public string GetResults(string searchQuery) {
        var request = Construct(searchQuery);
        var resp = request.GetResponse();

        using (StreamReader stream = new StreamReader(resp.GetResponseStream()))
        {
            return stream.ReadToEnd();
        }
    }
}

class Program
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Inside both requests the same SearchRequest.Construct(string) method is used.
    /// But finally different HttpWebRequest objects are built.
    /// </summary>
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var request1 = new SearchRequest(new HttpWebRequestBuilder());
        var results1 = request1.GetResults("IBM");
        Console.WriteLine(results1);

        var request2 = new SearchRequest(new ProxyHttpWebRequestBuilder("localhost:80"));
        var results2 = request2.GetResults("IBM");
        Console.WriteLine(results2);
    }
}
2014-01-16 12:55:36

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