什么时候使用构建器模式?

使用构建器模式的一些常见的、真实的例子是什么?它能给你买什么?为什么不直接使用工厂模式?

当前回答

我一直不喜欢Builder模式，因为它笨拙、突兀，而且经常被缺乏经验的程序员滥用。这是一个模式，只有当你需要从一些需要后初始化步骤的数据组装对象时才有意义(即，一旦收集了所有的数据-对它做一些事情)。相反，在99%的时间里，构建器只是用来初始化类成员。

在这种情况下，最好是在类中声明withXyz(…)类型setter，并让它们返回对自身的引用。

考虑一下:

public class Complex {

    private String first;
    private String second;
    private String third;

    public String getFirst(){
       return first; 
    }

    public void setFirst(String first){
       this.first=first; 
    }

    ... 

    public Complex withFirst(String first){
       this.first=first;
       return this; 
    }

    public Complex withSecond(String second){
       this.second=second;
       return this; 
    }

    public Complex withThird(String third){
       this.third=third;
       return this; 
    }

}


Complex complex = new Complex()
     .withFirst("first value")
     .withSecond("second value")
     .withThird("third value");

现在我们有了一个整洁的单一类，它管理自己的初始化，做的工作与构建器几乎相同，只是它要优雅得多。

2014-10-07 13:16:29

其他回答

/// <summary>
/// Builder
/// </summary>
public interface IWebRequestBuilder
{
    IWebRequestBuilder BuildHost(string host);

    IWebRequestBuilder BuildPort(int port);

    IWebRequestBuilder BuildPath(string path);

    IWebRequestBuilder BuildQuery(string query);

    IWebRequestBuilder BuildScheme(string scheme);

    IWebRequestBuilder BuildTimeout(int timeout);

    WebRequest Build();
}

/// <summary>
/// ConcreteBuilder #1
/// </summary>
public class HttpWebRequestBuilder : IWebRequestBuilder
{
    private string _host;

    private string _path = string.Empty;

    private string _query = string.Empty;

    private string _scheme = "http";

    private int _port = 80;

    private int _timeout = -1;

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildHost(string host)
    {
        _host = host;
        return this;
    }

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildPort(int port)
    {
        _port = port;
        return this;
    }

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildPath(string path)
    {
        _path = path;
        return this;
    }

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildQuery(string query)
    {
        _query = query;
        return this;
    }

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildScheme(string scheme)
    {
        _scheme = scheme;
        return this;
    }

    public IWebRequestBuilder BuildTimeout(int timeout)
    {
        _timeout = timeout;
        return this;
    }

    protected virtual void BeforeBuild(HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest) {
    }

    public WebRequest Build()
    {
        var uri = _scheme + "://" + _host + ":" + _port + "/" + _path + "?" + _query;

        var httpWebRequest = WebRequest.CreateHttp(uri);

        httpWebRequest.Timeout = _timeout;

        BeforeBuild(httpWebRequest);

        return httpWebRequest;
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// ConcreteBuilder #2
/// </summary>
public class ProxyHttpWebRequestBuilder : HttpWebRequestBuilder
{
    private string _proxy = null;

    public ProxyHttpWebRequestBuilder(string proxy)
    {
        _proxy = proxy;
    }

    protected override void BeforeBuild(HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest)
    {
        httpWebRequest.Proxy = new WebProxy(_proxy);
    }
}

/// <summary>
/// Director
/// </summary>
public class SearchRequest
{

    private IWebRequestBuilder _requestBuilder;

    public SearchRequest(IWebRequestBuilder requestBuilder)
    {
        _requestBuilder = requestBuilder;
    }

    public WebRequest Construct(string searchQuery)
    {
        return _requestBuilder
        .BuildHost("ajax.googleapis.com")
        .BuildPort(80)
        .BuildPath("ajax/services/search/web")
        .BuildQuery("v=1.0&q=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(searchQuery))
        .BuildScheme("http")
        .BuildTimeout(-1)
        .Build();
    }

    public string GetResults(string searchQuery) {
        var request = Construct(searchQuery);
        var resp = request.GetResponse();

        using (StreamReader stream = new StreamReader(resp.GetResponseStream()))
        {
            return stream.ReadToEnd();
        }
    }
}

class Program
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Inside both requests the same SearchRequest.Construct(string) method is used.
    /// But finally different HttpWebRequest objects are built.
    /// </summary>
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var request1 = new SearchRequest(new HttpWebRequestBuilder());
        var results1 = request1.GetResults("IBM");
        Console.WriteLine(results1);

        var request2 = new SearchRequest(new ProxyHttpWebRequestBuilder("localhost:80"));
        var results2 = request2.GetResults("IBM");
        Console.WriteLine(results2);
    }
}

2014-01-16 12:55:36

在这种情况下，最好是在类中声明withXyz(…)类型setter，并让它们返回对自身的引用。

考虑一下:

public class Complex {

    private String first;
    private String second;
    private String third;

    public String getFirst(){
       return first; 
    }

    public void setFirst(String first){
       this.first=first; 
    }

    ... 

    public Complex withFirst(String first){
       this.first=first;
       return this; 
    }

    public Complex withSecond(String second){
       this.second=second;
       return this; 
    }

    public Complex withThird(String third){
       this.third=third;
       return this; 
    }

}


Complex complex = new Complex()
     .withFirst("first value")
     .withSecond("second value")
     .withThird("third value");

现在我们有了一个整洁的单一类，它管理自己的初始化，做的工作与构建器几乎相同，只是它要优雅得多。

2014-10-07 13:16:29

在前面的回答(双关语)的基础上，有一个很好的现实例子，就是Groovy对Builders的内置支持。

使用Groovy的MarkupBuilder创建XML 使用Groovy的StreamingMarkupBuilder创建XML Swing构建器 SwingXBuilder

请参阅Groovy文档中的构建器

2008-11-30 17:51:26

对于多线程问题，我们需要为每个线程构建一个复杂的对象。对象表示正在处理的数据，并且可以根据用户输入进行更改。

我们能用工厂代替吗?是的

为什么我们没有呢?我想建造者更有意义。

工厂用于创建具有相同基本类型的不同类型的对象(实现相同的接口或基类)。

构建器一遍又一遍地构建同一类型的对象，但是构造是动态的，因此可以在运行时更改它。

2008-11-30 05:51:17