我找到了一个很短的版本：

function isnum()
{
    return `echo "$1" | awk -F"\n" '{print ($0 != $0+0)}'`
}

因为我最近不得不修改这个，并且最喜欢karttu的单元测试方法。我修改了代码，并添加了一些其他解决方案，自己尝试一下，看看结果：

#!/bin/bash

    # N={0,1,2,3,...} by syntaxerror
function isNaturalNumber()
{
 [[ ${1} =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]
}
    # Z={...,-2,-1,0,1,2,...} by karttu
function isInteger() 
{
 [[ ${1} == ?(-)+([0-9]) ]]
}
    # Q={...,-½,-¼,0.0,¼,½,...} by karttu
function isFloat() 
{
 [[ ${1} == ?(-)@(+([0-9]).*([0-9])|*([0-9]).+([0-9]))?(E?(-|+)+([0-9])) ]]
}
    # R={...,-1,-½,-¼,0.E+n,¼,½,1,...}
function isNumber()
{
 isNaturalNumber $1 || isInteger $1 || isFloat $1
}

bools=("TRUE" "FALSE")
int_values="0 123 -0 -123"
float_values="0.0 0. .0 -0.0 -0. -.0 \
    123.456 123. .456 -123.456 -123. -.456 \
    123.456E08 123.E08 .456E08 -123.456E08 -123.E08 -.456E08 \
    123.456E+08 123.E+08 .456E+08 -123.456E+08 -123.E+08 -.456E+08 \
    123.456E-08 123.E-08 .456E-08 -123.456E-08 -123.E-08 -.456E-08"
false_values="blah meh mooh blah5 67mooh a123bc"

for value in ${int_values} ${float_values} ${false_values}
do
    printf "  %5s=%-30s" $(isNaturalNumber $value) ${bools[$?]} $(printf "isNaturalNumber(%s)" $value)
    printf "%5s=%-24s" $(isInteger $value) ${bools[$?]} $(printf "isInteger(%s)" $value)
    printf "%5s=%-24s" $(isFloat $value) ${bools[$?]} $(printf "isFloat(%s)" $value)
    printf "%5s=%-24s\n" $(isNumber $value) ${bools[$?]} $(printf "isNumber(%s)" $value)
done

因此，isNumber（）包含破折号、逗号和指数符号，因此在整数和浮点数上返回TRUE，而另一方面，isFloat（）在整数值上返回FALSE，isInteger（）在浮点数上同样返回FALSE。为了您的方便，请使用以下命令行：

isNaturalNumber() { [[ ${1} =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; }
isInteger() { [[ ${1} == ?(-)+([0-9]) ]]; }
isFloat() { [[ ${1} == ?(-)@(+([0-9]).*([0-9])|*([0-9]).+([0-9]))?(E?(-|+)+([0-9])) ]]; }
isNumber() { isNaturalNumber $1 || isInteger $1 || isFloat $1; }

易于理解和兼容的解决方案，带有测试命令：

test $myVariable -eq 0 2>/dev/null
if [ $? -le 1 ]; then echo 'ok'; else echo 'KO'; fi

如果myVariable=0，则返回代码为0如果myVariable>0，则返回代码为1如果myVariable不是整数，则返回代码为2

以下是我编写的脚本，用于与Nagios的脚本集成，到目前为止运行正常

#!/bin/bash
# Script to test variable is numeric or not
# Shirish Shukla
# Pass arg1 as number
a1=$1
a=$(echo $a1|awk '{if($1 > 0) print $1; else print $1"*-1"}')
b=$(echo "scale=2;$a/$a + 1" | bc -l 2>/dev/null)
if [[ $b > 1 ]]
then
    echo "$1 is Numeric"
else
    echo "$1 is Non Numeric"
fi

EG:

# sh isnumsks.sh   "-22.22"
-22.22 is Numeric

# sh isnumsks.sh   "22.22"
22.22 is Numeric

# sh isnumsks.sh   "shirish22.22"
shirish22.22 is Non  Numeric

公认的答案在这里行不通，我在MacOS上。以下代码有效：

if [ $(echo "$number" | grep -c '^[0-9]\+$') = 0 ]; then 
    echo "it is a number"
else
    echo "not a number"
fi

我会这样做：

printf "%g" "$var" &> /dev/null
if [[ $? == 0 ]] ; then
    echo "$var is a number."
else
    echo "$var is not a number."
fi

注意：这将nan和inf识别为数字。